1. Hazem Abd El-Salam

2.  Colloid solutions are solutions containing high molecular weight substances { >30 000 dalton}  Colloids are used for volume resuscitation in shocked patients.  Colloid solutions are either blood derived or synthetic colloids.

3.  Blood derived colloids are: Human albumin(5%,25%). plasma protein fraction(5%).  Synthetic colloids are: Dextrose starches. Gelatins. hydroxyethyle starch.

4.  They are D-glucose polymers linked by alpha bonds into linear macromolecules prepared from sucrose.  Their half life is 12 hours.  Types are: Dextran 70(M.W 70 000) Dextran 40(M.W. 40 000)

5.  Interfere with blood typing.  Antiplatelet effect.  Antigenic effect with anaphylactoid and anaphylactic reactions.  Affect renal functions and can be associated with renal failure.

6.  Gelatins are either: Succinylated gelatin. Polygelines (higher ca+ and k+ content)  Their M.W. 30 000-35 000 dalton.  Their half life is 4-5 hours.

7.  Histamine mediated allergic reaction. Advantages of gelatins  Does not interfere with blood grouping.  Does not affect renal function.

8.  Synthetic colloids resemble glycogen structurally,synthesized from amylopectin.  Heta starch(e.g.hestril):M.W.450 000,half life 48 h0urs.  Pentastarch:M.W.200 000,half life less than 24 hours.  Hextend:M.W. is higher,half life is longer.

9.  All hydroxyethyle starches do not affect coagulation study.  are not antigenic but can cause anaphylactoid reactions.  less expensive than human albumin.

10.  Colloides are formulated in either:  0.9% sodium chloride:  Has higher incidence of mental changes,abdominal discomfort,and gastric mucosa hypoperfusion.  Lactated ringer:  may lead to hypercoagulable state.  D5w.

11.  Normosol solution: which consists of electrolytes that are present in plasma.  Hypertonic saline: rapid plasma volume expansions.

12. :: to make a summary colloid solutions are solutions containing high molecular weight substances. Can be used in resuscitation of shocked patints. They are either blood derived or synthetic colloids. Synthetic colloids are dextrose starches,Gelatins and etherified starch..

13. Thank you