1. Pineal and Pancreas Gland
Charlie Lee and Ethan Hartman
Period 5 Anatomy

2. Function & Importance of the Endocrine System
Collection of glands
2. Glands produce hormones
3. Hormones regulate
a. Metabolism
b. Growth/Development
c. Tissue Function
d. Sexual maturity/reproduction
e. Sleep and Mood
f. Etc…

3. Pineal and Pancreas Glands
Pineal Gland
Pancreas Gland
A long, flat gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach.
It is located near the center of the brain and has a tiny pine cone shape.

4. Location of the two glands

5. Role/Function Pineal Gland Pancreas Gland
Enzymes secreted by the exocrine gland in the pancreas help break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and acids in the duodenum.
The hormones, insulin and glucagon, secreted by the endocrine gland regulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
1. Manages alertness or consciousness of one's self and produces "melatonin" which regulates the sleep/wake patterns

6. Hormones
Pancreas
Pineal
Insulin
Glycogen
Melatonin

7. Insulin A peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood
glucose levels
Insulin helps the amino acids that are extracted from dietary proteins assimilate into new proteins. It also helps store the breakdown of
ingested fats into triglycerides
Stimulates insulin receptors which causes an increase in the glucose
uptake

8. Glucagon A peptide hormone that elevates blood glucose levels
Is produced in response to low blood sugar
Encourages the metabolism of fats until blood levels
return to normal
Reverse effect of insulin

9. Melatonin Regulates bodies daily rhythm.
Indicator of exposure to daylight
Increase of production when darkness falls peaking at 2 to 4 AM
Believed to play some role in sleep

10. Type 1 Diabetes As known as insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile
Auto immune disease where the body's own immune syst em destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the
cells that create insulin.
Have to inject insulin everyday

11. Pancreatic Cancer
Cancer of the pancreas Early symptoms, such as abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, diarrh ea, belching, a feeling of fullness, intolerance for fatty foods, weight loss, loss of appetite, and loss of strength and energy, resemble those of other digestive disorders Later symptoms may include jaundice, severe back pain, and itchy skin

12. Interesting facts The pancreas is carrot shaped
Pancreatic cancer is the second deadly cancer among males behind lung cancer
No one is really positive what melatonin does
Endocrine pancreatic cancer only accounts for 5% of all pancreatic cancer cases

13. Concept Check Questions
1. How do glucagon and insulin balance the blood sugar levels in the human body?
2. What are the two functions of the Pancreas Gland?
3. Why do Type 1 Diabetes patients have to inject insulin to their blood everyday?
4. Why is it harder to fall asleep when the light is on?

14. Answers
1. Insulin lowers and glucagon elevates blood sugar levels thus balancing the glucose level of the body.
2. a. Release of digestive enzymes
b. Regulation of blood sugar levels
3. The body's own immune system destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that create insulin. Thus, the pancreas cannot create insulin.
4. Melatonin production is shut down with the presence of light. You need the eye to detect darkness to produce melatonin.

15. Work cited
Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "melatonin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar <
Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "insulin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 5 Mar <
Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "diabetes mellitus." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar <
Sarg, Michael J., and Ann D. Gross. "pancreatic cancer." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar <
Shmaefsky, Brian R. "The Endocrine Glands and Hormones." Applied Anatomy and Physiology. St. Paul: Paradigm, Print.

16. Photos
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