1. 8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts 8.3 Ferns and their Relatives
Simple Plants
8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts 8.3 Ferns and their Relatives

2. Nonvascular Plants
All nonvascular plants are low-growing plants that lack vascular tissue.
Vascular tissue is a system of tube like structures that transport water and other materials.

3. Nonvascular Plants
These plants cannot grow very wide or tall; nonvascular plants are small and grow low to the ground.
Moss Gametophyte
Moss Sporophyte

4. Nonvascular Plants
lack roots, must obtain water and minerals directly from surroundings
live where water is plentiful
even nonvascular plants that live in drier areas need enough water for reproduction.

5. Mosses most diverse group of nonvascular plants
Have structures that LOOK like leaves and stems (but they aren’t!)

6. Mosses
Don’t have roots, but thin root-like structures called rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

7. Liverworts and Hornworts
Liverworts are named for the shape of the plant’s body, which looks somewhat like a human liver.

8. Liverworts and Hornworts
found growing on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream. Most grow flat along the ground

9. Liverworts and Hornworts
The hornlike sporophytes give these plants their names.
live in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants.

10. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns and their relatives have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce.
Vascular plants are better suited to life on land than are nonvascular plants.

11. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular tissue transports water and food quickly and efficiently throughout the plant’s body.
strengthens the plant’s body

12. Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails still need to grow in moist surroundings because they use spores for reproduction.

13. Ferns Ferns have true stems, roots, and leaves.
Roots are structures that anchor the fern to the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

14. Ferns The fern’s leaves are called fronds.
                                     
The fern’s leaves are called fronds.
developing leaves are coiled at first and they resemble the top of a violin, so they are often called fiddleheads.

15. Ferns
On the underside of mature fronds, spores develop in tiny spore cases called sori.

16. Club Mosses and Horsetails
Club mosses and horsetails have true leaves, stems, and roots.
few species survive today

17. Club Mosses and Horsetails
The stems of horsetails are jointed. Long, coarse, needlelike branches grow in a circle around each joint.