1. Welcome to Network+ Course نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

2. Why Certification?  IT Development  Universities ability  Employers and employees needs  Cisco CCIE Certificate نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

3. Certification Companies Cisco ( CCNA, CCNP, CCIE, … ) Comptia (Network+, I-Net+, Server+, Linux+, Security+, e-Biz+, A+ ) Microsoft (MCP, MCSE, MCSD, ….) Redhat Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT). SUN Solaris نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

4. Network+ CompTIA Network+ Certification The CompTIA Network+ certification is the worldwide standard for professionals with at least nine months of experience in network support or administration. A Network+ certification demonstrates your technical abilities in networking administration and support, and validates your knowledge of media and topologies, protocols and standards, network implementation, and network support. If you have nine months of network administration and support experience, Network+ is ideal for you. Network+ and Your Career Many corporations recommend or require the Network+ certification for their IT employees. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

5. Main Goals for this course A requisite for CCNA Course Passing the Network+ Exam and get the certification Representing a solid background of networking knowledge regarding Network+ standard course نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

9. Domain % of Examination 1.0 Network Technologies 20% 2.0 Network Media and Topologies 20% 3.0 Network Devices 17% 4.0 Network Management 20% 5.0 Network Tools 12% 6.0 Network Security 11% Total 100% نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

10. Basic Networking Fundamentals نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

11. What is a Computer Network ? Two or more computers connected together, having the ability to use shared resources on each other. Two computers that are connected with a Network Cable through their network cards are an example of a simple network. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

12. Networking Concepts and Components Something to share ( Data ) Physical Pathway ( Transmission medium ) Interfaces for communication ( Network Interface ) Rules of Communication ( Protocols ) نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

13. What are some of the different types of the network? In a clinent/server network each host will act Specifically as a Server (the provider of resources) or a Client (the receiver of resources)

14. What are some of the different types of the network? Peer to peer In a peer to peer network every host will act as a client AND a server

15. What are some of the different types of the network? LAN –Local Area Network Typically refers to a network contained whitin a building نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

16. MAN – Metropolitan Area Network A network spread between non-contiguous Buildings within a single metropolitan area. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

17. WAN –Wide Area Network A network spread over a wide area,typically covering multiple cities and countries. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

18. Network Types ( 2 ) Network Topologies : 1 – Bus 2 – Star 3 – Ring 4 – Mesh (Full mesh Vs. Partial mesh) 5 -Tree 6 - Hybrid نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

19. Bus Topology نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

20. Star Topology نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

21. Ring Topology

22. Mesh Topology

23. Tree Topology

24. Hybrid Topology نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

25. Network Types ( 3 ) Models of Network Computing : 1 – Centralized Computing 2 – Distributed Computing 3 – Collaborative Computing نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

26. Centralized Computing All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices Terminals connect only to the mainframe, never to each other. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

27. Distributed Computing Multiple computers are capable of operating independently. Tasks are completed locally on various computers Networks enable the computers to exchange data and services but do not provide processing assistance نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

28. Collaborative Computing Multiple computers cooperating to perform a task A network that enables the computers to exchange data and services Software designed to take advantage of the collaborative environment نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

29. Network Types ( 5 ) Transmission Methods : Circuit switching Dedicated path is created between two nodes Packet switching Message is broken into small packets نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

30. Circuit Switching 1.A circuit is established, an end-to-end connection must exist to transfer data 2.The actual data transfer 3.After data transmitted, connection is terminated نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

31. Packet Switching Message is broken into small packets. Allows interactive exchanges because of small packets. Uses messages that are all the same length (called packets) Packets may be 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits long نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

32. Network Terminology (1) Client Server Host Workstation Peer PC نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

33. Network Terminology (2) Backbone A part of a network that all segments and servers connect. (Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, Thicknet) Segment Any short section of the network that is connected to the backbone نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

34. Network Terminology (3) Half-duplex A bi-directional communication but only one direction at a time, such as walkie-talkie Full-duplex Allows communications in both directions simultaneously. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

35. Network Terminology (4) Broadband Vs. Baseband With baseband the whole bandwidth of the cable is used for each signal (channel), but in broadband the bandwidth is divided into descrete bands نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

36. Network Terminology (5) Broadband -Allow Multiple communication methods to share a common media. Baseband -Use single communication method. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

37. Network Terminology (6) Bit -bps (bits per second) -Kbps (Kilo bits per second) -Mbps (Mega bits per second) -Gbps (Giga bits per second) Byte Octet نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

38. Network Terminology (7) Speed Bandwidth Through put نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

39. Physical Media PHYSICAL MEDIA نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

40. Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

42. Physical Media Copper Coaxial Cable - Thick or Thin Unshielded Twisted Pair - CAT 3,4,5,5e&6 Optical Fiber Multimode Singlemode Wireless Short Range Medium Range (Line of Sight) Satellite Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

43. Copper Media: Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable is a copper- cored cable surrounded by a heavy shielding and is used to connect computers in a network. Outer conductor shields the inner conductor from picking up stray signal from the air. Repeater is used to regenerate the weakened signals. Physical Media CategoryImpedanceUseRG-59 75  Cable TV RG-58 50  Thin Ethernet RG-11 50  Thick Ethernet نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

44. 7.44 BNC connectors نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

45. Copper Media: Twisted Pair Twisted-pair is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent pairs. There are two basic types, shielded twisted-pair (STP) and unshielded twisted-pair (UTP). Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

47. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

48. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

49. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Consists of 4 pairs (8 wires) of insulated copper wires typically about 1 mm thick. The wires are twisted together in a helical form. Twisting reduces the interference between pairs of wires. High bandwidth and High attenuation channel. Flexible and cheap cable. Category rating based on number of twists per inch and the material used CAT 3, CAT 4, CAT 5, Enhanced CAT 5 and now CAT 6,CAT 7 Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

50. EIA/TIA 568A vs 568 B نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

52. Fiber Media Optical fibers use light to send information through the optical medium. It uses the principal of total internal reflection. Modulated light transmissions are used to transmit the signal. Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

53. Total Internal Reflection Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

54. Fiber Media Light travels through the optical media by the way of total internal reflection. Two types of Fiber media : Multimode Singlemode Multimode Fiber can support less bandwidth than Singlemode Fiber. Singlemode Fiber has a very small core and carry only one beam of light. It can support Gbps data rates. Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

55. Single and Multimode Fiber Single-mode fiber Carries light pulses along single path Uses Laser Light Source Multimode fiber Many pulses of light generated by LED travel at different angles Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

56. 7.56 Modes نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

57. Fiber-Optic Cable Contains one or several glass fibers at its core Surrounding the fibers is a layer called cladding Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

58. 7.58 نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

59. Wireless Media Very useful in difficult terrain where cable laying is not possible. Provides mobility to communication nodes. Right of way and cable laying costs can be reduced. Susceptible to rain, atmospheric variations and Objects in transmission path. Physical Media نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

60. Installation type Infrastructor نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

61. Installation type Ad-hoc. نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

62. 7.62 Omnidirectional antenna نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

63. 7.63 Unidirectional antennas نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

64. Network DevicesNetwork Devices نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

65. Functions of network devices Separating (connecting) networks or expanding network repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, gateways Remote access 56K Modems and ADSL modems نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

66. Expanding Network Networks cannot be made larger by simply adding new computers and more cables Less efficient !! Can install components to segment (divide) large LAN to form smaller LANs connect LANs Required components Repeaters, bridges, routers, brouters, switches or gateways نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

67. Repeaters and Hubs Repeaters or hubs work at the OSI physical layer to regenerate the network’s signal and resend them to other segments Primitive hub can be viewed as a multiport repeater It regenerates data and broadcasts them to all ports نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

68. 68 Limitations and Features Cannot link unlike segments Cannot join segments with different access methods (e.g. CSMA/CD and token passing) Do not isolate and filter packets The most economic way of expanding networks نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

69. Bridges Has one input and one output Used to isolate network traffic and computers Has the intelligent to examine incoming packet source and destination addresses But cannot interpret higher-level information نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

70. How Bridges Work Bridges work at the Media Access Control Sub-layer of the OSI model Routing table is built to record the segment no. of address If destination address is in the same segment as the source address, stop transmit Otherwise, forward to the other segment نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

71. 71 Differences Between Bridges and Repeaters نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

72. 72 Switches Cisco Catalyst 2900 switch Switches operate at the Data Link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model Can interpret address information Switches resemble bridges and can be considered as multiport bridges By having multiports, can better use limited bandwidth and prove more cost-effective than bridge نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

73. 73 Switches divide a network into several isolated channels Packets sending from 1 channel will not go to another if not specify Each channel has its own capacity and need not be shared with other channels 10Mbps Switch Hub 3.3Mbps نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

74. 74 Advantages of Switches Switches divide a network into several isolated channels (or collision domains) Reduce the possibility of collision Collision only occurs when two devices try to get access to one channel Can be solved by buffering one of them for later access Each channel has its own network capacity Suitable for real-time applications, e.g. video conferencing Since isolated, hence secure Data will only go to the destination, but not others نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

75. 75 Limitations of Switches Although contains buffers to accommodate bursts of traffic, can become overwhelmed by heavy traffic Device cannot detect collision when buffer full نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

76. 76 Method of Switching - Cut Through Mode PreambleDes. AddSour. AddLengthDataFCS Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes4 Bytes Much faster Cannot detect corrupt packets Can propagate the corrupt packets to the network Best suited to small workgroups نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

77. 77 Method of Switching - Store and Forward Mode Read the whole packet before transmit Slower than the cut-through mode More accurate since corrupt packets can be detected using the FCS More suit to large LAN since they will not propagate error packets 10Mbps DB 100Mbps Facilitate data transfer between segments of different speed نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

78. 78 Using Switches to Create VLANs Switches can logically group together some ports to form a virtual local area network (VLAN) Switches can be configured to communicate only within the devices in the group Hub SW1 SW2 SW3 VLAN1VLAN2 نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

79. 79 Routers Layer 2 Switches cannot take advantage of multiple paths Routers work at the OSI layer 3 (network layer) They use the “logical address” of packets and routing tables to determine the best path for data delivery نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

80. 80 How Routers Work As packets are passed from routers to routers, Data Link layer source and destination addresses are stripped off and then recreated Enables a router to route a packet from a TCP/IP Ethernet network to a TCP/IP token ring network Only packets with known network addresses will be passed - hence reduce traffic Routers can listen to a network and identify its busiest part Will select the most cost effective path for transmitting packets نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

81. 81 Static and Dynamic Routers نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

82. Distinguishing Between Bridges and Routers 82 Routers are layer 3 devices which recognize network address Bridges are layer 2 devices which look at the MAC sublayer node address Bridges forward everything they don’t recognize Routers select the best path

83. 83 Layer-3 Switches Layer-3 switches operate in both layer 2 (data link layer) and 3 (network layer) Can perform both MAC switching and IP routing A combination of switch and router but much faster and easier to configure than router Why Layer-3 switches? Traffic of LAN is no longer local Speed of LAN is much faster Need a much faster router, however, very expensive نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

84. 84 Summary Repeaters are the least expensive way to expand a network, but they are limited to connecting two segments Bridges function similar to repeaters, but can understand the node addresses Switches can be considered as multiport bridges, can divide a network into some logical channels Routers interconnect networks and provide filtering functions. They can determine the best route نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

85. 85 Allow computers to communicate over a telephone line Enable communication between networks or connecting to the world beyond the LAN Remote Access Devices 1. Modems نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

86. 86 Cannot send digital signal directly to telephone line Sending end: MODulate the computer’s digital signal into analog signal and transmits Receiving end: DEModulate the analog signal back into digital form نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس

87. 87 ADSL ADSL stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Particularly suitable for high speed multimedia communications, general Internet applications Asymmetric - downstream 1.5 to 6.1Mbps upstream 16 to 640kbps Digital - mainly for transmitting digital data still require modulation and demodulation Subscriber line - make use of the analog connection between household and CO نایب نت برگزار کننده دوره های تخصصی شبکه و لینوکس