2. Dog Diseases and Parasites Mr. Swartz Animal Vet Science

3. What’s Covered? Infectious Diseases Noninfectious Diseases Fungal Diseases Internal Parasites External Parasites Poisonings

4. Diseases Infectious Diseases - –Diseases that are transmittable from animal to animal –Air –Bodily Fluids –Bodily Secretions –Contact or Exposure

5. Diseases Noninfectious Diseases- –Diseases that are not transmittable from animal to animal –Caused by natural aging –Diet –Health Care

6. Dog Fungal Diseases Fungal Disease - –Fungus is a primitive vegetable »Mushrooms »Mold »Mildew –Live in air, soil, plants and in water. (some in animals body) –Only half of fungi are harmful

7. Internal Parasites –Live inside the host –Intestines –Heart –Circulatory System

8. External Parasites External Parasites - –Live outside the host –Skin –Coat

9. Infectious Diseases Canine Distemper –Viral Disease that affects respiratory, gastrointestinal and CNS –Causes by the canine distemper virus (CDV)

10. Infectious Diseases Canine Distemper “Prevention” –Animals must be vaccinated –Transmitted mostly by being airborne Canine Distemper “Symptoms” –Fever 103-106 –Conjunctivitis and Rhinitis –Loss of Appetite –Diarrhea –Paralysis

11. Infectious Diseases –Kennel Cough Term commonly applied to upper respiratory problems in dogs –Tracheobronchitis –Bordetellosis –Bordetella Bacterial infection

12. Infectious Diseases –Kennel Cough “Symptoms” Dry hacking cough Watery nasal discharge Fever Lethargy –Kennel Cough “Treatment” Mild cases -run course Severe cases - Medication –Kennel Cough “Prevention” Keep your dog away from other, especially pups Vaccination

13. Infectious Diseases –Canine Hepatitis Disease of the liver and other body organs caused by the adenovirus. Contamination by feces, cages, dishes, hands, etc..

14. Infectious Diseases –Canine Hepatitis “Symptoms” Coughing Cloudy Eyes Kidney/Liver Failure “seizures” Vomiting –Canine Hepatitis “Treatment and Prevention” No specific treatment Vaccines to immunize puppies

15. Infectious Diseases –Parvovirus Virus that attacks the gastrointestinal tract of puppies, and dogs. It can also damage the heart muscle of young pups

16. Infectious Diseases Parvovirus “Symptoms” Lethargic Loss of Appetite Fever Bloody Diarrhea Most die within 48-72 hours of symptoms Parvovirus “Treatment and Prevention” No specific drug to kill virus Hydration Cleaning Keeping pups away from fecal matter from others dogs

17. Infectious Diseases –Canine Brucellosis Disease of the reproductive tract –Female abortions –Male infections –Infertility in both sexes Spread by breeding Dirty conditions

18. Infectious Diseases Canine Brucellosis “Symptoms’ Abortion of litters Inflamed epididymis and testicles Swollen lymph nodes May not show a physical signs Canine Brucellosis “Treatment & Prevention’ No vaccine Some drugs - not always effective Only prevention is to test broodstock

19. Noninfectious Diseases NonInfectious Diseases –So what is a noninfectious disease again?

20. Noninfectious Diseases Noninfectious Disease –Remember Most noninfectious disease are caused by –Natural Aging –Environment –Diet –Care –Genetics So let’s brainstorm! –What are some noninfectious disease???

21. Noninfectious Diseases –Heart Disease Two Types –Congenital –Acquired Congenital Animal is born with it (very rare) Acquired Develops over time

22. Noninfectious Diseases Heart Diseases –So what exactly is happening? Chronic Valvular Disease –Heart Valves loose effeiceny Dilated Cardiomyopathy –Muscle walls become weak and thin –What is happen? Heart Failure

23. Noninfectious Diseases Heart Disease “Symptoms” Lack of Energy Irregular and rapid breathing Loss of appetite Coughing Weakness Fainting Heart Disease “Treatment” No Treatment Medication

24. Noninfectious Diseases Cataracts –Loss of opacity of eye lenses –Cloudy eye Cataracts “Causes” –Most are inherited – UV Light

25. Noninfectious Diseases Cataract “Treatment” –Surgery

26. Noninfectious Diseases Hip Dysplasia - Abnormal formation of hips Degenerative breakdown of joints Hip Dysplasia - Completely genetic and passed down for offspring to offspring

27. Noninfectious Diseases Hip Dysplasia

28. Noninfectious Diseases Hip Dysplasia “Symptoms” Dog will rather sit than stand Slow getting up Stiff Young dogs –Pups will run with back legs together

29. Noninfectious Diseases Noninfectious Disease –Arthritis Inflammation of the joints Two types: Degenerative and Inflammatory –Degenerative Destruction of cartilage that protects the bones –Stress, dysplasis –Inflammatory Causes by infection or immune-mediated disease Affects multiple joints

30. Noninfectious Disease Arthritis

31. Noninfectious Diseases Arthritis “Symptoms” Reluctance to walk, climb stairs, jump Limping Lagging Difficulty rising Arthritis “Treatment” Pain Killers Exercise Rest Surgery (in some cases)

32. Noninfectious Diseases –Cherry Eye Prolapsed nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid) Hereditary weakness for the connective tissue

33. Noninfectious Diseases Cherry Eye “Symptoms” Visual redness 3rd eyelid becoming visible Cherry Eye “Treatment” Surgical Removal

34. Noninfectious Diseases –Anal Sac Blockage Blocked anal sac glands Pimple Bacteria

35. Noninfectious Diseases Anal Sac Blockage “Symptoms” Swollen Anus Foul Smell Scratching and Biting Trouble Defecating Anal Sac Blockage “Treatment” Squeezing the gland on occasion Surgical Removal

36. Noninfectious Diseases Review –Heart Disease –Cataracts –Hip Dysplasia –Arthritis –Cherry Eye –Anal Sac Blockage

37. Fungal Diseases Dog Fungal Diseases Fungal Disease - –Fungus is a primitive vegetable »Mushrooms »Mold »Mildew –Live in air, soil, plants and in water. (some in animals body) –Only half of fungi are harmful

38. Fungal Diseases –Ringworm Caused by dermatophytes spores Hair Loss Very Contagious

39. Fungal Diseases Ringworm “Symptoms” Hair loss in ring formation Itching Ringworm “Treatment” Medicated shampoo Creams

40. Internal Parasites –Roundworms Live in dogs intestines Consume partially digested feed Passed by feces Offspring to offspring

41. Internal Parasites Roundworms “Symptoms” Loss of appetite Pot Belly Vomiting Diarrhea Roundworms “Treatment” Dewormer (2 - 4 Weeks)

42. Internal Parasites –Hookworms Small worm like parasites that hooks on the intestinal wall Feeds on blood of host Contract orally, through skin, pass from off spring to off spring

43. Internal Parasites Hook Worm “Symptoms” Pale Gums Diarrhea Weakness Failure to grow properly Hook Worm “Treatment” Drugs (Oral or Injection) –Drugs only kill adult hookworm –One adult will lay 20, 000 larvae –Human can not contract

44. Internal Parasites –Heart Worms Larvae that grow and develop in an animals heart and lungs. Contract by infected mosquito Larvae grow 4 -5 inches in length Cause heart failurs

45. Internal Parasites Heart Worm “Symptoms” There are really no symptoms until advanced stages Dull coat Lack of energy Coughing Difficulty Breathing Heart Failurs Heart Worm “Treatment” Drugs for prevention Treatment is tricky

46. Internal Parasites –Whipworm 1/4 long, live in lower intestines Causes severe irritations of intestinal lining One of the most pathogenic parasites in dogs

47. Internal Parasites Whipworm “Symptoms” Bloody Diarrhea Weight Loss Whipworm “Treatment” Dewormer Must continue deworming treatment for several months

48. Internal Parasites Review –Roundworms –Heartworms –Hookworms –Whipworms

49. External Parasites External Parasites - –Live outside the host –Skin –Coat

50. External Parasites –Fleas Small fly/nat looking parasite Will lay egg in coat Bit animal to feed on blood

51. External Parasites

52. Flea “Symptoms” Scratching and biting Red spots and rashes Flea “Treatment” Flea shampoo Medication (internal and external) Extermination

53. External Parasites –Tick Small parasites that feeds on host Will bury itself into skin May carry many other disease (lymes) Feed off host and fall off

54. External Parasites Ticks “Symptoms” Ticks physically present Lymes disease - paralysis, arthritis Tick “Treatment” Physical removal Tick shampoo Lymes -No treatment, but drugs to relieve symptoms.