1. Basic First Aid

2. Seizures/Convulsions Seizures: mild to severe Seizures: mild to severe brief blackouts, involuntary movements, sudden falls brief blackouts, involuntary movements, sudden falls periods of confused behavior periods of confused behavior involuntary muscle contractions. involuntary muscle contractions. Grand Mal seizures Grand Mal seizures uncontrollable muscle movements (jerking or spasms) uncontrollable muscle movements (jerking or spasms) Rigidity Rigidity loss of consciousness loss of consciousness loss of bladder and/or bowel control loss of bladder and/or bowel control breathing that stops temporarily. breathing that stops temporarily.

3. Seizures/Convulsions Stay with the person – consider calling 911 Stay with the person – consider calling 911 Protect the person from injury Protect the person from injury Move all furniture or equipment that is nearby Move all furniture or equipment that is nearby Do not hold or restrain the person Do not hold or restrain the person Do not put anything in the person’s mouth Do not put anything in the person’s mouth Loosen clothing Loosen clothing Roll the person on his/her side Roll the person on his/her side After the seizure activity has stopped : After the seizure activity has stopped : Perform rescue breathing if person is blue or not breathing (if CPR certified) Perform rescue breathing if person is blue or not breathing (if CPR certified) If breathing, lay person on side If breathing, lay person on side

4. FAINTING Pale, sweaty, slow pulse Pale, sweaty, slow pulse Lay person on back with head to the side and legs elevated Lay person on back with head to the side and legs elevated DO NOT give anything by mouth DO NOT give anything by mouth If person doesn’t wake up right away, call 911 If person doesn’t wake up right away, call 911

5. Choking Partial airway obstruction with good air exchange Partial airway obstruction with good air exchange Forceful cough Forceful cough Wheezing in between breaths Wheezing in between breaths *Stay with the person and encourage them to cough

6. Choking Partial airway obstruction with poor air exchange Partial airway obstruction with poor air exchange Weak, ineffective cough Weak, ineffective cough High-pitched noises while breathing High-pitched noises while breathing * This type of obstruction should be dealt with as if it were a complete obstruction

7. Choking Complete airway obstruction Complete airway obstruction Unable to breathe, speak or cough Unable to breathe, speak or cough Clutching at his/her throat (universal distress signal for choking) Clutching at his/her throat (universal distress signal for choking) If the person is still conscious, perform Heimlich maneuver If the person is still conscious, perform Heimlich maneuver If the person becomes unconscious, call 911 and continue helping if familiar with First Aid/CPR If the person becomes unconscious, call 911 and continue helping if familiar with First Aid/CPR

8. Heimlich Maneuver

9. Major Bleeding: D irect Pressure  Use a sterile dressing or clean cloth  Fold to form pad  Apply pressure directly over wound  Fasten with bandage; knot over wound  If bleeding continues, add second pressure dressing

10. Bleeding: Pressure Points Apply pressure where artery lies near skin over bone.

11. Bleeding: Pressure Points Use pressure point closest to wound, between wound and heart Use pressure point closest to wound, between wound and heart Superficial arteries: use flat surface of several fingers Superficial arteries: use flat surface of several fingers Femoral artery, use heel of one hand Femoral artery, use heel of one hand

12. Tourniquet Absolute last resort in controlling bleeding: Life or the limb Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed, only by a doctor

13. Cuts Apply pressure with a clean cloth, elevation Apply pressure with a clean cloth, elevation Can be cleaned better when bleeding stops Can be cleaned better when bleeding stops Large and deep: seek medical attention Large and deep: seek medical attention Maintain pressure Maintain pressure Minor cuts Minor cuts Soap and water, peroxide Soap and water, peroxide cover with antibiotic ointment and dressing. cover with antibiotic ointment and dressing. If cut may need sutures, seek medical care as soon as possible If cut may need sutures, seek medical care as soon as possible Consider “Super Glue” Consider “Super Glue”

14. Works on People, Too!

15. Abrasions Must get wound clean Must get wound clean Hold pressure with or without “numbing” medicine till bleeding stops Hold pressure with or without “numbing” medicine till bleeding stops Clean wound with soap and water in 1 -2 hours Clean wound with soap and water in 1 -2 hours Wrap in dry bandage Wrap in dry bandage Clean at least twice a day till healed Clean at least twice a day till healed

17. Puncture Wounds DO NOT remove large objects such as knives or sticks, call 911 DO NOT remove large objects such as knives or sticks, call 911 For minor wounds, wash with soap and water For minor wounds, wash with soap and water Remove splinters? Remove splinters? Antibiotic ointment Antibiotic ointment Bandage Bandage The person may need a tetanus booster injection The person may need a tetanus booster injection

18. Stinging Insects Stinging Insects Remove the stinger with the scraping motion of a fingernail Remove the stinger with the scraping motion of a fingernail DO NOT pull the stinger out DO NOT pull the stinger out Put a cold compress on the bite Put a cold compress on the bite Hydrocortisone cream Hydrocortisone cream Benadryl Benadryl Check for allergies Check for allergies If hives, paleness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, tightness in chest, breathing difficulty, or collapse occur, call 911. If hives, paleness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, tightness in chest, breathing difficulty, or collapse occur, call 911. For spider bites, call the Poison Control Center or hospital For spider bites, call the Poison Control Center or hospital

19. EpiPen EpiPen

20. How to use an Epipen: How to use an Epipen: Pull off gray safety cap. Pull off gray safety cap. Place black tip on thigh, at right angle to leg Place black tip on thigh, at right angle to leg Press hard into thigh until Auto-Injector mechanism functions Press hard into thigh until Auto-Injector mechanism functions Hold in place for several seconds Hold in place for several seconds The EpiPen unit should then be removed and discarded The EpiPen unit should then be removed and discarded Massage the injection area for 10 seconds. Massage the injection area for 10 seconds.

21. Blisters Leave intact Leave intact Puncture under clean conditions Puncture under clean conditions Cleanse area, hands, needle Cleanse area, hands, needle Puncture near edge Puncture near edge Antibiotic ointment and bandage Antibiotic ointment and bandage

22. EYE Injuries DON’T RUB!!! DON’T RUB!!! Wash out (chemicals, dirt) Wash out (chemicals, dirt) Patch or compress or keep closed Patch or compress or keep closed Send the person directly to an emergency room. Send the person directly to an emergency room.

23. NOSEBLEEDS With person sitting, squeeze nostrils together between thumb and index finger for 10 minutes With person sitting, squeeze nostrils together between thumb and index finger for 10 minutes Ice on forehead Ice on forehead If bleeding persists, seek medical attention– but maintain pressure If bleeding persists, seek medical attention– but maintain pressure

24. TEETH If knocked out, find the tooth and rinse it gently without touching the root If knocked out, find the tooth and rinse it gently without touching the root Insert and gently hold the tooth in its socket or transport the tooth in cow’s milk Insert and gently hold the tooth in its socket or transport the tooth in cow’s milk If broken, save the pieces. Gently clean the injured area with warm water. Place a cold compress to reduce swelling. If broken, save the pieces. Gently clean the injured area with warm water. Place a cold compress to reduce swelling. Send the person directly to the dentist or an emergency room. Time is important! Send the person directly to the dentist or an emergency room. Time is important!

25. Major Fractures Other injuries – major accident Other injuries – major accident Broken skin, major deformity Broken skin, major deformity Heavy bleeding Heavy bleeding Loss of circulation Loss of circulation Neck, head, hip, pelvis, upper leg Neck, head, hip, pelvis, upper leg

26. Major Fractures Stop any bleeding Stop any bleeding Immobilize Immobilize Splint Splint Don’t try to re-align Don’t try to re-align Treat for shock Treat for shock Head down Head down Legs up? Legs up?

27. Dislocations Don't delay medical care Don't delay medical care Don't move the joint Don't move the joint Nerves, blood vessels and ligaments Nerves, blood vessels and ligaments Put ice on the injured joint Put ice on the injured joint

28. Fractures and Sprains: PRICE P-- protect the injured limb from further injury by not using the joint P-- protect the injured limb from further injury by not using the joint R-- rest the injured limb R-- rest the injured limb I-- ice the area I-- ice the area C-- compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage C-- compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage E-- elevate the injured limb whenever possible to help prevent or limit swelling E-- elevate the injured limb whenever possible to help prevent or limit swelling

29. Sunburn Avoidance Avoidance Cover up: hats, sleeves Cover up: hats, sleeves Sunscreen Sunscreen Cool bath or shower Cool bath or shower Leave blisters intact Leave blisters intact Tylenol, Advil, Solarcaine Tylenol, Advil, Solarcaine

30. Heat Illness AVOID The Problem AVOID The Problem DRINK even if not “thirsty” DRINK even if not “thirsty” Lots of clear urine Lots of clear urine Heat Cramps: rest, cool down, DRINK Heat Cramps: rest, cool down, DRINK Heat Exhaustion = threatened Heatstroke Heat Exhaustion = threatened Heatstroke Nausea, faint Nausea, faint Pale, clammy & cool Pale, clammy & cool Give fluids, active cooling Give fluids, active cooling Heatstroke  Call 911 Heatstroke  Call 911 Hot, shock, unconscious Hot, shock, unconscious