1. Pharmaceutics (I)
Prelab III
Presented by
Abdurrahman Fahmy

2. Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of dry cough
X 0.5 Rx
Codeine phosphate g
Cpd Tartarazine solution ml
Benzoic acid solution ml
Water ml
Lemon syrup ml
Syrup to ml
Send ml
Fiat: Cough Syrup
Sig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.
0.15 g
Cough Suppressant
0.5 ml
Coloring agent
1 ml
Preservative
1 ml
Solvent for drug
10 ml
Sweetening and flavoring agent
50ml
Vehicle
Calculation:
Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of dry cough
Factor = 50/100 = 0.5
Vehicle = 50 – ( ) =37.5 ml
¾ vehicle = ¾ X 37.5 = ml = 28 ml

3. 0.5 ml Compound tartarazine solutiong
0.15 g codeine phosphate
Glass-rod
1 ml water
Cup measure
0.5 ml Compound tartarazine solution
1 ml benzoic acid solution
Cup measure

4. Adjust volume to 50 ml with syrup
10 ml lemon syrup
Cup measure
Cup measure
Adjust volume to 50 ml with syrup

5. Fiat: Cough Syrup
Sig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.
Label
The Cough Syrup
One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily after meals.

6. Aspirin solution for pediatrics
Can not swallow tablets
Need small doses
Unstable
Expires within days (ester hydrolysis).

7. Aspirin ℞ Acetyl salicylic a gr.x Potassium citrate gr. xxx 1.95 g
water a d ℥j
Fiat : Mist Mitte : ℥iij
Sig. : ʒi Ter in die sumenda.
Uses: analgesic, antirheumatic and antipyretic
Factor = 90 / 30 = 3
X 3
1.95 g
5.85 g
90 ml
10x0.065 = 0.65 g
30x0.065 = 1.95 g
30ml

8. Role of Potassium Citrate:
• Acetyl Salicylic acid is sparingly soluble in water, its solubility will increase in solutions of acetate or citrate of sodium or potassium. ( Salting In through buffer action )
• Potassium citrate is strongly ionized & citrate ions yielded combine with hydrogen ions of the acid forming citric acid

9. Procedure: Add aspirin & finely powder with pestle
Add 30 ml water & triturate till saturation (5mins)
Transfer to cup measure & adjust to final volume with water.
(Hazy solution)
Add potassium citrate and stir with pestle until complete solution of acetyl salicylic acid (5mins)

10. One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily.
Label:
The Mixture
One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily.

11. Caution ! Camphor Water ℞ Camphor 0.1 gm Alcohol 1.5 ml
Purified water to ml
Uses: carminative internally & antiseptic & anaesthetic in eye lotion
Also it is usually used as a Medicated vehicle

12. N.B.
• Camphor is soluble only 1 in 700 of water, Camphor is very soluble in alcohol.
• The addition of the alcoholic solution to water yield a finely-divided precipitate of camphor, which in this condition, passes into solution more quickly then camphor simply powdered.

13. Procedure: Dissolve the camphor in alcohol (1.5 ml) Water (98.5 ml)
Add alcoholic solution of camphor in small portions to water each addition followed by vigrous shaking

14. Label:
The Camphor Water
[ E.P.]

15. Common System

16. Avoir du pois “measure of weight*” “commercial uses” 1 16 7000 437.5
Pound “Ib.”
Ounce “oz.”
Grain “gr.” 1 16
7000
437.5

17. Apothecaries “Fluid measure” “ compounding prescriptions” Gallon
Quart
“qt.”
Pint
“pt.”
Fluidounce
“f℥”
Fluidrachm
“f ʒ”
Minim
“m.” 1 4 8
128
1024
61440 2 32
256
15360 16
7680
480 60

18. Apothecaries “measure of weight.” Pound “Ib.” Ounce “℥” Drachm “ʒ”
Scruple “э”
Grain “gr.” 1 12 96
288
5760 8 24
480 3 60 20

19. Set of Apothecaries weight:
960
480
240
120 60 30 40 20
℥ ii
℥ i
℥ ss
ʒ ii
ʒ i
ʒ ss
℈ ii
℈ i 10
℈ ss
5 gr.
4 gr.
3 gr.
2 gr.
1 gr.
1/2 gr.

20. Simple quantity: 181 cm Compound quantity: 1 m,81 cm
Before a compound quantity can be used in a calculation, it must be simplified to be expressed in terms of a single denomination.

21. Q. Reduce ℥ss ʒii ℈i to grains.
℥ss = 1/2 x 480 gr. = 240 gr.
ℨii = 2 x 60 gr = 120 gr.
℈i = 1 x 20 gr = 20 gr.
380 gr.,

22. Q.
Change 165 grains to weighable Apothecaries unit.
120 30 10 5
ʒii, ʒss, эss, 5 gr.

23. N.B. “The only common denomination Between both systems is the Grain , the others, even if have the same name but have quite different values.
Therefore, To convert between the 2 systems, we’ve to convert it first to the grain, & then back to the other system .

24. Convert ℥ ii, ʒii into avoir du pois denomination:
℥ ii = 2*480=960 gr.
ʒii = 2*60=120 gr.
Total= =1080gr.
1 oz.= gr
1080/437.5= oz
(2*437.5 = 875)
= 205 gr.
Therefore, 2 oz.,205 gr.

25. THANK YOU