1. Pam Allen pamela.allen@cms.k12.nc.us Stacy Feldstein stacy.feldstein@cms.k12.nc.us Mariana De Luca Mariana.deluca@cms.k12.nc.us

3. Orthography = alphabetic spelling Phonetics = way for the same sound to be spelled with the same letter every time, and for any letter to stand for the same sound every time.

4. George Bernard Shaw complained that spelling was so inconsistent that fish could be spelled ghoti—gh as in tough, o as in women, and ti as in nation. ?

8. Sofa represents vowels in syllables that are not emphasized in speaking and whose duration is very short general, about reader reserved for the vowel sound in all reduced syllables

9. #1 The first sound in each: a. judge [d ʒ ] b. Thomas [t] c. though [ð] d. easy [i] e. pneumonia [n] f. thought [θ] g. contact [k] h. phone [f] i. civic [s] j. usual [j]

10. #2: last sound in each a.fleece [s] b. neigh [eI] c. long [ŋ] d. health [θ] e. watch [t ʃ ] f. cow [a ʊ ] g. rough [f] h. cheese [z] i. bleached [t] j. rags [z]

11. a. physics [fIzIks] b. merry [meri] c. marry [mæri] d. Mary [meri] e. yellow [j ɛ lo] f. sticky [stIki] g. transcription [trænskrIp ʃ ə n] h. Fromkin [fr ə mkIn] i. tease [tIz] j. weather [w ɛ ð ə r] k. coat [kot] l. Rodman [radm ə n] m. heath [hiθ] n. “your name” [stesi] o. touch [t ə t ʃ ] p. cough [k ɔ f] q. larynx [lærIŋks] r. through [θru] s. beautiful [bjut ə f ə l] t. honest [an ə st] u. president [pr ɛ z ə d ə nt]

12. [hit] = heat [strok] = stroke [fez] = phase [ton] = tone [boni] = bony [skrim] = scream [frut] = fruit [prit ʃ ə r] = preacher [krak] = crack [baks] = box [θæŋks] = thanks [w ɛ nzde] = Wednesday [kr ɔ ld] = crawled [kant ʃ i ɛ nt ʃ ə s] = conscientious [parl ə m ɛ ntæri ə n] = parlimentarian [kw ə b ɛ k] = Quebec [pits ə ] = pizza [b ə rak obam ə ] = Barack Obama [d ʒɔ n m ə ken] = John McCain [tu θa ʊ z ə nd ænd et] = two thousand and eight

14. Bilabial: p b m Labiodental: f v Interdental: θ ð Alveolar: t d n s z l r Palatal: ʃ ʒ t ʃ d ʒ Velar: k g ŋ Glottal: h ʔ

15. the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate. mission [m ɪʃ ə n] Measure [m ɛʒ ə r] cheap [t ʃ ip] judge [d ʒʌ d ʒ ] yoyo [jojo]

16. sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum The initial and final sounds of: kick [k ɪ k] gig [g ɪ g final sounds of: back [b ӕ k] bag [b ӕ g] bang [b ӕ ŋ]

17. produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula, the fleshy protuberance that hangs down in the back of our throats. The r in French is often a uvular trill symbolized by [ ʀ ]. The uvular sounds [q] and [ ɢ ] occur in Arabic. These sounds do not ordinarily occur in English.

18. [h] flow of air through the open glottis, and past the tongue and lips a vowel sound always follows [h] [ ʔ ] air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed vocal cords glottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ ʔʌʔ o]

20. file://localhost/Volumes/FELDSTEIN/SCAN/IPA and Phonetics Handouts.pdf file://localhost/Volumes/FELDSTEIN/SCAN/IPA and Phonetics Handouts.pdf