1. Air Pollution Nick Meyers-Turner Kourtney bailey

2. Types of Pollutants Carbon Monoxide (CO)- is an odorless, tasteless, invisible toxin. Its main source is from cars exhaust and leaky gas furnaces ect. Nitrogen oxide (NOx)- most of it comes from vehicles exhausts Sulfur dioxide (SO2)- Mainly from fossil fuel burning. Particulates (PM 10, PM 2.5)- can either be solid or gases. Dust from field or ash from volcano are particulates. Also by fly ash from coal combustion. Volatile organic compounds (VOL)- has an variety of chemicals and can either be gas or solid.

3. NATA includes the following emissions sources: Stationary sources- large industrial facilities such as coke ovens for the steel industry, refineries and smaller sources such as gasoline stations. Mobile sources- cars, trucks, and off road vehicles like construction equipment and trains. Background- long-range transport, emissions sources not included in the NATA emissions inventory, and natural emissions sources. Secondary formation- pollutants formed from other pollutants emitted into the air. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata2005/05pdf/nata2005_factsheet. pdf http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata2005/05pdf/nata2005_factsheet. pdf

4. Health and Environmental Hazards Nitrogen Oxide- Acidification of water; respiratory problems. Sulfur Dioxide- Small particles that enter the lungs and aggravate and sometimes cause respiratory conditions. Carbon Monoxide- if you take in small amounts you develop flue like symptoms but to much for a long period will lead to death.

5. Question What is the largest contributor to air pollution in the united States and by how much?

6. Sources of Pollution 2003 (10^6 tons/year) sourcesCOSO2NOxVOCPM2.5PM10 Fuel combustion, electric utilities.5310.934.46.05.14.68 Industrial fuel combustion 1.382.222.78.17.15.31 Other fuel combustion 3.00.60.73.88.43.46 Chemical and allied producti manufacturing.33.10.22.02.05 Metals processing 1.42.29.09.07.03.14 Petroleum and related industries.77.75.64.80.20.45 Waste disposal and recycling 1.85.03.14.43.36.39 Highway vehicles 58.81.267.384.43.13.19 Off-Highway 24.45.444.102.57.28.31 Miscellaneous 14.35.12.316.444.4520.06 Total 106.8915.9720.7316.066.1923.04

7. Total emissions in 2003

8. Total % Per Pollutant (2003) Total CO%= (106.89*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%= 57% Total SO2%= (15.97*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%=8.5% Total NOx%= (20.73*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%= 11% Total VOCb%= (16.6*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%= 8.5% Total PM2.5%= (6.19*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr) *100%= 3.3% Total PM10%= (23.04*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%= 12.2%

9. Calculations (2003) Fuel Combustion, electric utilities – (16.79*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100=8.9% Industrial Fuel Combustion – (7.01*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100= 3.7% Other Fuel Combustion – (6.1*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100= 3.2% Chemical and Allied Project Manufacturing (1.05*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%=.55%

10. Calculations (2003) Cont. Metals Processing – (2.04*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100=1.3% Petroleum and Related Industries – (3.61*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr) *100%= 1.9% Waste Disposal and Recycling – (3.2*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100%=1.7% Miscellaneous – (45.73*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100=24.2%

11. Calculations (2003) Cont. Highway Vehicles – (71.2*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100=37.7% Off-Highway Vehicles – (45.73*10^6tons/yr) / (188.88*10^6tons/yr)*100=17.02%

12. 20012003+,=,- CO120.76106.89Went down13.87 SO215.97 Stayed equal0 NOx22.3520.73Went down1.62 VOC17.9616.06Went down1.9 PM2.57.386.19Went down1.19 PM1024.1023.04Went down1.06

13. U.S. Emissions in 2001 Source book page 305

14. Pollutants in 2001 CO= 120.76: (106.89*10^6tons/yr) – (120.76*10^6tons/yr)=-13.87 – Emissions went down by 1.13.87*10^6 tons in two years SO2=15.97: (15.97*10^6tons/yr)- (15.97*10^6tons/yr)=0 – Emissions did not change NOx= 22.35: 20.73*10^6tons/yr- 22.35*10^6tons/yr= -1.62 – Emissions went down by 1.62*10^6tons/yr

15. Pollutants in 2001 (cont.) VOC=17.96: (16.06*10^6tons/yr)- (17.96*10^6tons/yr)- – Emissions decreased by 1.9*10^6tons/yr PM2.5=7.38: (6.19*10^6tons/yr)- (7.38*10^6tons/yr)=-1.19*10^6tons/yr) – Emissions decreased by 1.19*10^6tons/yr PM10= 24.10: (23.04*10^6tons/yr)- (24.10*10^6tons/yr)=-1.06*10^6tons/yr – Emissions decreased 1.06*10^6tons/yr

16. conclusion Highway Vehicles in 2003 are the largest contributor to air pollution at 37.7% Miscellaneous in 2003 is the second largest contributor at 24.4% Third is off-highway vehicles in 2003 at 17.02%

17. sources http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata2005/05pdf /nata2005_factsheet.pdf http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata2005/05pdf /nata2005_factsheet.pdf http://www.epa.gov/iaq/co.html Robert A. Ristinen, Jack J. Kraushaar. Energy and the Environment. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. Print.