1. Vehicle Electrification and Infrastructure
Asilomar
August-September 2011
Vehicle Electrification and Infrastructure
Britta Gross
Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization

2. AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11
Revised 06/27/11
REINVENTING PERSONAL URBAN MOBILITY: EN-V (ELECTRIC, NETWORKED VEHICLE)
AIT_APS07
A centerpiece of the SAIC-GM Pavilion at the 2010 World EXPO in Shanghai, GM’s Electric, Networked Vehicle (EN-V) was developed to show visitors from around the world that the knowledge and ability exist right now to create new ways to eliminate many of the challenges facing urban communities.

3. AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11
Revised 06/27/11
“BOSS” WINS DARPA URBAN CHALLENGE (Nov 2007)! A self-driving Chevrolet Tahoe wins the 6 hour, 60 mile race
AIT_FF35
Rear Vision System
– Object detection
– Far IR Capability
Short- Range Sensors
Long-Range
Scanning Sensor
Forward Vision System
– Lane tracking
Long- Range Sensors
Enhanced
Digital Map
System
By combining GPS and wireless communication with advanced electronic controls, it’s possible to create vehicles that can drive themselves.
In November 2007, we teamed with Carnegie Mellon University and other partners to develop “Boss,” a self-driving Chevrolet Tahoe that won the DARPA Urban Challenge a six-hour, 60-mile race for robotic vehicles.

4. PETROLEUM DISPLACEMENT “AND” SCENARIO
AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11
Revised 06/27/11
PETROLEUM DISPLACEMENT “AND” SCENARIO
USDRIVE36
Illustrative Schematic
Fuel Economy Improvements and Mix Shift
Less Petroleum
Alternate Fuels: Liquid Biofuels and Compressed Natural Gas
Petroleum
Electricity
Hydrogen
We don't want to just bet on a 3X long-shot improvement in the next couple of years nor do we want to premature squander our resources on prematurely implementing a single technology winner.
We see petroleum displacement as an “AND” scenario.
We should start soon with the early options … and finish with the strongest long-term energy portfolio.
10-50% improvements over a broad portfolio of technologies taken together will compound to help us – and the market – reach our objective of eliminating petroleum and removing the vehicle from the environmental debate.
Time
Start soon with early options; finish with strongest long-term portfolio

5. VEHICLE APPLICATION MAP
AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11
Revised 06/27/11
VEHICLE APPLICATION MAP
TGS_Vienna08
As we work to electrify our products, our extended-range vehicles are extremely important … but GM also believes that fuel cells are a significant EV option.
At this stage of technology development, battery-electrics can be a good solution for urban commuting … where smaller cars are needed for low-speed, short-range travel.
Meanwhile, an extended-range EV like the compact Chevy Volt can meet all of a customer’s daily and long-range driving needs by leveraging a small internal combustion engine as a range extender.
However, some customers operate larger vehicles … and have higher-speed, long-distance commutes.
This is where another solution is required.
So GM is also developing fuel cell-electric vehicles, which can power a wider range of products, from compact cars to family-sized and larger vehicles.
GM sees hydrogen fuel cells as the right choice for customers who … need more passenger- or cargo-carrying capability … travel long distances at highway speeds … and require fast refueling.

6. AIT Executive Forum 08/25/10
Revised 08/20/10
GM Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy No silver bullets (pending a surprising technology “miracle”)
AIT_FF06
Improve
Vehicle
Fuel Economy
and Emissions
Displace
Petroleum
Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Electric Vehicles
Battery-Electric Vehicles (including EREV)
Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (including Plug-in HEV)
IC Engine
and Transmission Improvements
Our advanced propulsion technology strategy, therefore, has been, and continues to be, to pursue multiple energy solutions.
There is no silver bullet.
So we’ll maintain our focus on both energy diversity and fuel-efficient technologies that are relevant to our customers, in terms of fuel efficiency, performance, and cost.
In the near term, we’re leveraging efficiencies such as advanced engines and hybrids, and aggressively pursuing biofuels such as E85 ethanol.
We’re also developing new technology solutions, like the Chevrolet Volt extended-range electric vehicle and our fuel cell-electric vehicles.
Time
Petroleum (Conventional and Alternative Sources)
Energy Diversity
Alternative Fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, CNG, LPG)
Electricity (Conv. and Alternative Sources)
Hydrogen 6

8. (typically 25-50 mile EV range)
B. Gross, Plug-in 2009
8/11/09
Chevrolet Volt
An Electric Vehicle (with an extended range capability)
BKG_PI06 40
Designed for over 300 miles
miles
Designed for
BATTERY
EXTENDED RANGE
Electric Drive
(typically mile EV range)
Driving on Gasoline
New EPA label: 93mpg (35 miles) + 37mpg comb (344 miles) = Overall 60mpg (379 miles)

9. Chevrolet Volt EREV Consumer Results
~80% of Volt customers are participating in OnStar’s vehicle data collection program . . .
Median Volt driver is achieving 66% electric miles
Median Volt driver is getting almost 1,000 miles per tank of gasoline (9 gallon tank)

10. Cars are parked at Home. Or at Work.
B. Gross, Plug-in 2009
8/11/09
Cars are parked at Home. Or at Work.
This is based on the National Household Travel Survey, 2001
Vehicle location vs. arrival times, several weeks, separated days, >50,000 vehicles, >200,000 travel days
Basis of multiple charge per day studies
Source of Data National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper