1. African Colonialism

2. Important Terms Imperialism: The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations. Colony: a territory governed by an imperial power, backed by an army directly under its control

3. Important Terms Protectorate: a territory governed by a native ruler but effectively controlled by imperial advisors. Spheres of Influence: territories nominally independent but subject to exclusive concessions granted to an imperial power.

4. Africa before 1870 Slavery Explorers and Missionaries David Livingstone (1813-1873)

5. Reasons for Colonization Dependence on African Goods Political Power “White Man’s Burden”

6. Berlin Conference Colonial Disputes Conference laid down ground rules for further imperial claims. To register claims nation must: Give formal notice to other European powers Back notice with effective control over territory Accelerated final partition of Africa

7. Britain’s Colonies Egypt Sudan Kenya South Africa Nigeria Ghana Sierra Leone Gambia Zimbabwe Rhodesia Botswana

8. France’s Colonies West Africa Algeria Morocco

9. Germany’s Colonies Tanzania Namibia Cameroon

10. Italy’s Colonies Libya Eritrea Somalia

11. Portugal’s Colonies Angola Mozambique Guinea

12. Dutch Colonies Congo Western Sahara

13. South Africa Boers arrive in 1652 to help secure control of Cape of Good Hope for Dutch Britain arrives in 1806 Boers change name to Afrikaners and began to oppose other European settlements. Boers migrate to the North—Great Trek

14. South Africa Boers discover gold and diamonds Britain becomes interested in Afrikaner territory. –Tension arises between Britain and Afrikaners Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) Britain wins—truce between Boers and Britain to oppress black natives.

15. Consequences of Colonization Destroyed long established patterns of settlement and migration Native Africans faced forced labor and genocide Created modern-day African map Caused tension between various tribes and ethnic groups

16. Consequences of Colonization Made modern-day African nations dependent on other nations Forced to change customs and traditions Increase racial tension.