1. BELLWORK 1.What caused the Mexican American War? 2.What was the outcome of the Mexican American War? 3.What was the Louisiana Purchase? 4.What issue was the U.S. Civil War fought over? 5.THINKER: Why might immigrants choose to move to America?

2. Immigration We are now going to use your prior knowledge of urban growth, and connect it to the new topic of immigration. Like many Americans, immigrants felt cities were a new source of opportunity. Between 1880 and 1920 about 25 million immigrants entered the U.S. – about half of the total population!

5. Immigration In the 1900’s where do you think people were immigrating from? Before 1890: Northern and Western Europe (England, Ireland, Germany) Between 1890-1920: Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia) 1910-1940: 1 million Asian Immigrants Let’s look at a map….

12. Angel Island Located in San Francisco Bay, California Used to be connected to California but separated during the Ice Age One million immigrants from Asia passed through this immigration station. Opened in 1910; lasted until 1940

14. Angel Island Predominately Chinese immigrants who were not welcome in the U.S. Upon arrival, immigrants were put in detention centers until inspection They also were interrogated to assess their reasoning for entering the U.S. Some were held here for months with little food or water “When we arrived, they locked us up like criminals, we were in cages like the zoo” - 1940

20. Angel Island - Interrogations Interrogations were long and stressful: –How many steps led up to your front door? –Who lived in the third house in the second row of houses in your village? Most immigrants from Southern China spoke Cantonese, and the interpreter new little of the native language Very difficult to pass these interrogations –Many were deported back to Asia –Others had to appeal their case numerous times before being allowed to enter the U.S.

25. Angel Island - Poetry Many of the Angel Island detainees turned to poetry for expression They carved poems in their cells of the detention center

26. Angel Island - Poetry “ I thoroughly hate the barbarians because they do not respect justice. They continually spread harsh laws to show off their power. They oppress the overseas Chinese and also violate treaties. They examine for hookworms and practice hundreds of cruel acts.” “America has power, but not justice. In prison, we were victimized as if we were guilty. Given no opportunity to explain, it was really brutal. I bow my head in reflection, but there is nothing I can do.”

28. Angel Island Although they served the same purpose, Angel Island has always been overshadowed by Ellis Island Lack of awareness of the immigration station and the detainees who spent days, months, even years in the detention centers. Most Asian American immigrants, especially from the West Coast, have at least someone in their family genealogy who has been affected by the Angel Island Immigration Station

29. CLOSURE In your notes, you are going to create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting Angel Island and Ellis Island. Be ready to discuss!

30. Reading: Chinese Immigration As you know, Chinese immigrants were discriminated against by the American government and citizens. You are now going to read about specific policies, plans and conditions that Chinese immigrants had to endure. Answer the 10 questions on the worksheet as you read.

31. Immigration – Push factor vs. Pull factor PUSH FACTOR: Something that “pushes” immigrants away from a country Why might people want to leave their country of residence? PULL FACTOR: Something the “pulls” or encourages immigrants to move to that country Why might people choose to move to a country?

32. American push vs. pull factors You will now read a number or primary sources from the era. Each case study has a different immigrants perspective of America They are going to describing either a push factor or pull factor – and it’s up to you to decide!