1. Cold War Confrontations China and Korea

2. CHINA l Communists led by Mao Zedong won the struggle against Chiang Kai-Shek’s pro- west government in 1949. Chairman Mao created the People’s Republic of China

3. CHINA l Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to Taiwan-- U.S. recognized that as the official government of China. l Soviets gave Mao support l U.S. considered this a great loss l Sparked need for containment policies in Asia

4. CHINA l China and the Soviet Union began to split and became rivals in Asia (political and territorial) l U.S. encouraged this split in 1970s

5. NIXON’S VISIT TO CHINA l 1972 President Nixon visited China to ease tensions l Trade increased l U.S. is still concerned about Chinese human rights abuses. Richard Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit China. This photo, from the Great Wall of China, was taken Feb 24.

6. CHINA TODAY: l China continues to oppress free thought and democracy. l China put down a pro- democracy march at Tiananmen Square in 1989. l Communism is fading as U.S. increases its role. This lone man risked his life to defy tanks during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest. How strongly do you feel about YOUR rights?

7. America and Korea: American involvement in the Korean War in the early 1950s reflected the American policy of containment of communism.

8. KOREA l Korea was divided into communist North Korea and pro-west South Korea after WW II l The division line was along the 38th parallel

9. Korean War Begins: l North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. l U.N. sanctioned military intervention. l U.S. military forces led the counter attack Fighting with the 2nd Inf. Div. north of the Chongchon River, Sfc. Major Cleveland, weapons squad leader, points out Communist-led North Korean position to his machine gun crew. Notice that these are INTEGRATED troops?

10. Korean War: l UN Forces were placed under the command of General MacArthur l UN reached the far north (Yalu River) and threatened China at its border. Douglas MacArthur’s command was cut short when he was relieved by President Truman after the General publicly criticized the President’s war policies.

11. Korean War l Chinese forces crossed the river and pushed forces back to 38th Parallel l A stalemate continued for 2 years l The war ended with this stalemate l South Korea remained “free” and the Korea is still divided today!

12. Cuba: Our Communist Neighbor

13. Fidel Castro: l Led a communist revolution against the pro-west Batista government in 1959 l Many Cubans fled to the U.S. (Miami/ NY) l Castro aligned with the Soviet Union

14. Bay of Pigs Invasion: 1961 l CIA trained Cuban exiles invade to overthrow Castro l Attempt failed miserably-- all dead or captured. l Castro became fearful of future invasions! Kennedy gave the go-ahead for the invasion at the Bay of Pigs three months into his presidency. The plan was a miserable failure.

15. Cuban Missile Crisis: October, 1962 l U.S. discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba l U.S. demanded they be taken out. l Soviets refused and a standoff began l The world was on brink of nuclear war... A photograph of the missile launch stations in Cuba. This picture was taken by a U-2 spy plane. These pictures shocked President Kennedy and nearly caused global disaster!

16. End to the Cuban Missile Crisis l Soviets hesitated (“blinked”) l Soviets took down the missiles l U.S. apologized for Bay of Pigs and promised to not invade Cuba. l A nuclear war was avoided.

17. Cuba Today: l Cuba is still a communist nation. l The U.S. continues its trade embargo. l There are still many human rights issues in Cuba. l Will the end of Castro be the end of communist Cuba?