1. Abby Grandinetti 3 rd period History of the Magyars Abby Grandinetti 3 rd Period

2.  Name for the people of Hungary  Ethnic group native to the Carpathian Basin  Their goal is preserve Hungarian language, culture, and tradition  Throughout history, they have protested for their own independent nation separating them from the Austrians, Ottomans, and other invading forces.

4.  955- Magyars, then a powerful, nomad group, were defeated by the German king, Otto I  After their defeat, the Magyars traveled back to Hungary to permanently settle  1000- Stephen, leader of the Magyars, asked pope Sylvester II to baptize him and crown him King of Hungary.  He believed this would protect his kingdom from invasion and unite his people through a common religion.

5.  1003- Another Magyar claimed rule of Transylvania, but he was quickly put down by Stephen who added Transylvania to his kingdom  Transylvania became an area largely populated by the Magyars  1030- German emperor Conrad II attacked Western Hungary, but they were quickly defeated by King Stephen.  1038- King Stephen I of Hungary died  The Magyars later canonized him as a saint

7.  1241- Invaded by the Mongols  Late 15 th Century- A time of political unrest and instability due to fights over who had the power to rule.  One popular king of the time was King Mathias. Mathias was and is still considered one of Hungary’s most popular rulers.

8.  1526-1699  Partitioned by the Hapsburgs and the Ottomans after their defeat at the Battle of Mohacs (1526)  1701-1711  Ultimately the Austrian Hapsburgs took control, but Hungary resisted and fought in a War of Independence from 1701-1711  However, Austria kept control and began to exploit and oppress the Hungarians in their own country

9.  Revolutions began in Vienna, Austria and broke out in Hungary a few days later. The Hungarians demanded an elected parliament responsible to a national government. This demand and other reforms were included in the April Laws to create what became the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

11.  Austria-Hungary was greatly affected by the assassination of Francis Ferdinand because he was the heir to the throne.  Eventually, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia July 28 th, 1914  Austria-Hungary was closely tied to Germany in alliances such as the Three Emperors Alliance and the Dual Alliance  Austria- Hungary’s main purpose of the war was to gain territory in the Balkan region

14.  Peace treaty signed at the conclusion of WWI that established the borders of Hungary  In this treaty, Hungary lost nearly ¾ of their land and many Magyars were forced to live outside of their native Hungary.  Many Magyars believe that this treaty was created because other European powers felt threatened by the strong nationalism and power that the Magyars possessed.

16.  Hungary was forced to enter the war after an unprovoked attack by the Soviets in 1940  1944- Invaded by the Nazis and the Soviets  From 1944-1945 more than 500,000 Hungarian Jews were transferred to Auschwitz  1948- Communist Regime imposed in Hungary by Soviets  1956- Hungarian Nationalist uprising is crushed by the Soviets  Eventually Hungary was able to slowly transfer itself into a democratic regime, however the effects of communism burdened the country for many years to come.  Hungary is still saddled with debt from their occupation by the Soviets

18.  Post-communism struggled, but eventually got back on track.  They joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004  They are currently practicing a successful Democratic regime with an elected parliament.

19. Hungary

20. Goode, Stephen. "The History of Hungary." Hungarian People & Culture. Hungarian Culture, Language, and Relocation Resources. Web. 18 Mar. 2012.. "HUNMAGYAR.ORG - ETHNOGRAPHIC MAP OF HISTORICAL HUNGARY." HUNMAGYAR.ORG. Web. 18 Mar. 2012.. Kagan, Donald, Steven E. Ozment, and Frank M. Turner. The Western Heritage: Since 1300. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print. Lazar, Istvan. "The Magyars." A Thousand Years of Hungary. Web. 18 Mar. 2012.. "Stephen I." U*X*L Biographies. Detroit: U*X*L, 2003. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. "Austrian Empire Hungary Revolution 1848." OnWar.com. Web. 18 Mar. 2012.. "Stephen I." U*X*L Biographies. Detroit: U*X*L, 2003. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. "Austrian Empire Hungary Revolution 1848." OnWar.com. Web. 18 Mar. 2012.. "Treaty of Trianon." - New World Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2012..