1. + Carl Jung and Psychology James A. Van Slyke

2. + Carl Jung (1875-1961) Swiss Psychiatrist Father – Protestant Minister Mother – Interested in Spirituality Part of Freud’s original analytic group Later parted ways with Freud over differences Freud did not like Jung’s preoccupation with Religion Caused a psychotic breakdown for Jung

3. + Carl Jung (1875-1961) Analysis of dreams, practicing psychoanalytic psychologist Also studied the unconscious, but suggested a different personality structure Strongly influenced by Christianity, but also Eastern religions Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism Interested in integrating opposing forces Yin and Yang

4. + Jung’s Psychology Ego – Conscious aspect of the person Unconscious Similar to Freud’s Unconscious is primary force in thought and behavior Libido – psychic instinctual energy Not necessarily sexual or aggressive Principle of the opposites Structures of the psyche are antithetical pairs Light vs. Dark Principle of entropy - Psyche seeks out balance

5. + Jung’s Psychology Personal Unconscious Each person has an individualized unconscious Suppressed, forgotten memories, traumas, etc. Collective Unconscious Predates individual unconscious Repository of religious, spiritual, and mythological symbols and experiences Universal structure across different cultures Cultural and Religious stories and narratives return to common themes

6. + Jung’s Psychology Archetypes Primary structures of the collective unconscious Similar to platonic forms Jung’s description “conceptual matrixes or patterns behind all our religious and mythological concepts, and indeed, our thinking processes in general.”

7. + Jung’s Psychology Archetypes “Patterns of instinctual behavior” that are manifested according to the current cultural context, yet “a priori” Can only be partially known and grasped “For now we see only a reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.” 1 Cor 13:11-13

8. + Jung’s psychology Archetypes Paired opposites that must be integrated into the personality Anima – feminine part of the self Animus – masculine part of the self Light vs. Dark Shadow – Dark side of the personality Negative aspects of the self must be integrated into the whole Religious symbols and rituals allow us to deal with the unconscious

9. + Jung and Religion Concerned about secularization and scientism (reductionism) Religion is an important aspect of being human (Religious Self) Helps to harmonize conscious and unconscious states Secularization leads to a “rootless” existence Religion is the best avenue to the unconscious Individuation Primary means for spiritual growth Reuniting unconscious material with consciousness to achieve wholeness

10. + Jung and Religion Religious Symbols Allow us to look at the unconscious Shield us from direct contact Offer new knowledge Compensate for what is missing Empower the transformation Bridge conscious and unconscious to lead toward wholeness Must be experienced rather than understood

11. + Jung and Religion Mandala Art piece Draws one toward the center Spirituality should draw one toward the center Self and God archetype Religion and psychology cannot be separated; intrinsic to each other Transcendent function of personality Acceptance of shadow and other unconscious material Leads to inner healing

12. + Archetypes & Star Wars Characters, Situations and Symbols in stories Hero – Luke Skywalker Reflects youthfulness Usually called to a quest or mission Represents the ego Tries to overcome tensions in the unconscious Wise Old man (Mentor) – Obi Wan and Yoda Teaches the hero the nature of the psyche Helps them toward maturity

13. + Joseph Campbell The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949) The Masks of God (1969) Myths and stories continually return to common themes Myths (religious or otherwise) ways in which cultures transmit values and mores Religions are the “masks” that reflect the same fundamental transcendent truths

14. + Joseph Campbell Monomyth Departure Call to Adventure Refusal Supernatural Aid Initiation The Road of many Trials Temptation Confront the evil inside (Shadow or Father) Reach the goal Return to share what you have learned

15. + Archetypes & Star Wars Symbols The Force Dark Side – The Shadow Luke must overcome and learn to control the shadow Integrate into his own conscious Movement from Denial to Acceptance Religions often have similar structure Struggle with dark side Sin Evil Religious heroes overcome evil with the help of God

16. + Jung & Christianity How do we understand the relationship between, religion, mythology and Christ? Exclusivist – there is no truth outside of the Christian faith Inclusivist C.S. Lewis – Christianity is the only true myth Different religions mirror the transcendent in different ways, but Christ is the closest to God Universalism All religions approximate the transcendent to a different degree