1. Lymphatic System and Immunity Human Anatomy and Physiology II Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

2. Fluid Leaves Capillary Cells Blood Blood Capillary

3. Capillaries

4. Functions of Lymphatic System Drain fluid from around cells Absorb fat from intestines Circulate lymph Filter lymph Immunity

5. Right Lymphatic Duct Thoracic Duct

6. Lymph Fluid of the lymphatic system Similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid

7. Lymphatic Vessels Transport lymph Lymph is returned to the circulatory system at either the right or left subclavian veins

8. Lymph Nodes Filter lymph –Microorganisms –Cancer cells Lymphocytes Monocytes

9. Thymus Programs some lymphocytes to develop into T-cells

10. Spleen Filters blood –Worn out RBC –Bacteria Lymphocytes Monocytes

11. Fluid Movement

12. Edema Accumulation of interstitial fluid

13. Causes of Edema Blockage of lymphatic system Increased pressure in veins Lack of albumin –Decreases fluid returning to blood capillaries by osmosis Inflammation

14. Nonspecific Body Defenses Skin Acid –Stomach –Vagina Mucus Saliva Tears

15. More Nonspecific Defenses Phagocytosis Complement Fever Inflammation

16. Complement

17. Inflammation Bodies response to tissue injury Classic signs –Heat –Redness –Swelling –Pain

18. Skin Blood

19. Tissue Damaged

20. Histamine Released

21. Capillary More Permeable Plasma Leaks Out

22. Capillary More Permeable Antibodies Leaks Out

23. Capillary More Permeable WBCs Leave by Diapedesis

24. Wall of Fibrin Forms

25. Pus Forms

26. Steroid Hormones Hydrocortisone, cortisone and others Depress inflammation Used to treat inflammatory diseases –Rheumatoid arthritis

27. Antigens Molecules often found in the membrane of cells Antigens of foreign cells stimulate an immune response

28. Self Antigens Antigens of our own cells Do not cause an immune response in our body –Usually cause an immune response in another person MHC proteins –Major Histocompatibility Complex

29. Cells of the Immune System APCs –Antigen-presenting cells B cells –B lymphocytes T cells –T lymphocytes

30. Antigen-Presenting Cells Macrophages Engulf foreign cells and attach the cells antigens on their MHC proteins

31. Lymphocytes T Cells B Cells

32. B Cell Receptor Foreign Cell

34. Cytotoxic T Cell = Killer T Cell Receptor Body Cell

36. Helper T Cell Receptor APC

39. Antigen-Presenting Cell APC Macrophages and other cells Engulfs and digests foreign cells Present antigens on MHC proteins to T cells

40. B Cells Lymphocytes that react directly with antigens Require stimulation from Helper T Cells Offspring become –Plasma cells –Memory B cells Humoral Immunity

41. Plasma Cells Produce huge numbers of antibodies –2000/second

42. Helper T Cell Reacts with antigen from APC Stimulates Cytotoxic T Cells and B Cells –Secretes Interleukin II

43. Cytotoxic T Cells Activated by antigens on any body cell Require stimulation from Helper T Cells Destroys body cells infected with viruses Destroys cancer cells Cellular Immunity

44. Memory Cells T Cells and B Cells Remember antigen React to a second invasion of an antigen more rapidly

45. Suppressor T Cells Stops T cells and B cells after an infection has been conquered

46. Cytokines Chemicals used in cellular immunity Interleukin I –Produced by macrophages –Stimulates helper T cells Interleukin II –Produced by helper T cells Perforin –Causes lysis of target cell

52. Virus Protein Coat DNA or RNA

53. Virus Attaches to Body Cell

54. Viral DNA Enters Host

55. Protein Coats Synthesized

56. Viral DNA Synthesized

57. Viruses Exit Cell

58. Host Cell Killed by Virus

59. Interferon Produced by Dying Cell

60. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV Virus Attacks and destroys Helper T Cells –Depresses humoral and cellular immunity

61. The End