1. Body Systems that Regulate Body Functions

2. Nervous System What is the function of the nervous system?

3. Overview of a vertebrate nervous system

4. Structure of a vertebrate neuron What are the functions of: dendrites, axons, synapses?

5. The main parts of the human brain Heart rate & Breathing Balance, Movement Thinking, memory, learning Homeostasis “Master Gland”

6. REVIEW Create a flow map to explain the series of events that happen from when you hear a loud noise to when you turn your head. Receptors in ear receive sound information

7. Hormones & The Endocrine System What is the function of the endocrine system?

8. Definitions Hormones –Chemical messages –Regulate activity of other cells –Help maintain homeostasis Endocrine glands –Secrete hormones

9. Endocrine System

10. Types of Hormones Protein hormones –Polar –Can they go through the cell membrane? Steroid hormones –Made from cholesterol –Can they go through the cell membrane?

11. Hormones are Chemical Signals How does a protein hormone regulate a cell? How does a steroid hormone regulate a cell?

12. Selected Hormones & Glands

13. How can hormones maintain homeostasis? Negative Feedback

14. Adrenal Glands & Stress “Fight or Flight” – Immediate Stress –Epinephrine & Norepinephrine – hormones –Prepare body for emergency action Increase heart rate Increase blood glucose level Long-term Stress –Cortisol & Aldosterone – hormones –Makes more energy available to body –Suppresses immune system –Increases blood pressure Time for a yoga class?

15. Review Create a Thinking Map of your choice to summarize what hormones do and how they work.

16. Immune System What is the function of the immune system?

17. First Line of Defense Blocking germs from getting in in the first place –Skin –Mucous membranes –Low pH in stomach

18. Second Line of Defense Attacks invaders when they get in Not specific – kills all cells that aren’t supposed to be there Phagocytotic WBCInflammationFever

19. Third Line of Defense Specific – attacks a specific invader (antigen) –Examples – cold, flu, measels Made up of white blood cells –Cytotoxic T cells –B cells –Helper T cells Antigens – cause a specific immune response

20. Helper T-Cells 1.A macrophage (phagocytotic WBC) eats an invader 2.It wears surface proteins of the bacteria 3.The Helper T-Cell that can fight this infection recognizes the surface protein 4.The Helper T-Cell organizes B Cells and Cytotoxic T-Cells ** Helper T-Cells are Coordinators **

21. Cytotoxic T-Cells Kill infected cells by causing them to lyse (pop open)

22. B Cells Make antibodies; Antibodies prevent invader from infecting new cells Lock and key fit (Invader)

23. Memory & Immunity Antibodies and Memory Cells “remember” an infection so you only get sick once.

24. HIV attacks Helper T-Cells Very low Helper T Cell Can’t fight infections

25. Cause immunity without sickness Cause specific immune response; build up of antibodies Examples –Killed microbes –Parts of microbes –Weakened microbes Vaccines

26. Review Think of an analogy to compare and contrast the non-specific and specific immune responses. Create a Thinking Map to summarize the function of the Immune System.