1. Archetypes The hero Journey
The Lord of The Rings
Archetypes
The hero Journey

2. Archetype
Carl Gustav Yung developed an understanding of archetypes as universal patterns and images that derive from the collective unconscious of human beings.
Collective unconscious: personal unconscious is a personal reservoir of experience unique to each individual, while the collective unconscious collects and organizes those personal experiences in a similar way with each member of a particular species.
So……

3. Archetype – In Plain English
Universal patterns reoccurring in writing and film that are present in all cultures.
Or… a pattern of behavior, a prototype upon which others are copied, patterned, or emulated.
Modern day society archetypes:
The hero, the villain, the suck up, the jock, the geek

4. The Hero Journey
One type of an archetype – also referred to as the monomyth - coined by Joseph Campbell
Encompasses many archetypes into one model… the journey that most hero’s take. It is arguable that this pattern is seen in all cultures’ stories across all recorded time. Even Beowulf, one of the first hero stories ever, contains most steps of this journey.
In today’s American society:
Iron Man
Batman
Man of Steel
STAR WARS
Created by George Lucas specifically to follow the idea of the hero’s journey archetype

6. The Call
The hero begins in a mundane situation of normality from which some information is received that acts as a call to head off into the unknown
This is the opportunity to enter into the journey
Lord of The Rings:
Frodo is offered the role of transporting the ring.
Frodo’s call

7. The Refusal of the call
Often when the call is given, the future hero first refuses to heed it. This may be from a sense of duty or obligation, fear, insecurity, a sense of inadequacy, or any of a range of reasons that work to hold the person in his or her current circumstances.
Frodo Refuses

8. Supernatural Aid
Once the hero has committed to the quest, consciously or unconsciously, his guide and magical helper appears, or becomes known. More often than not, this supernatural mentor will present the hero with one or more talismans or artifacts that will aid them later in their quest.
Frodo’s Aid

9. Frodo’s threshold guardians
The Threshold Guardian's job is to ensure the protagonist is worthy of passing the threshold, and thus they act as part of the tests the protagonist must face in the journey.
Frodo’s threshold guardians

10. Crossing The Threshold
This is the point where the person actually crosses into the field of adventure, leaving the known limits of his or her world and venturing into an unknown and dangerous realm where the rules and limits are not known.
Frodo crosses the threshold

11. Helper / Mentor Helper / Mentor
The hero is often accompanied on the journey by a helper who assists in the series of tests and generally serves as a loyal companion.

12. Challenges and Temptations
Challenge in the caves
The road of trials is a series of tests, tasks, or ordeals that the person must undergo to begin the transformation. Often the person fails one or more of these tests, which often occur in threes.

13. Abyss
The abyss
The abyss represents the greatest challenge of the journey. Usually the initiate must face the abyss alone and overcome his/her greatest fears. Here is where the initiate must "slay the dragon". The dragon often is the thing the hero most dreads and needs to overcome.

14. The Transformation
As a result of successfully meeting the challenge of the abyss, the hero is transformed. The transformation is the moment of death and rebirth. Often the transformation takes the form of a revelation, a discovery or insight about oneself or one's culture. This revelation involves a change in consciousness, a change in the way the hero(ine) views life.
Transformation

15. Atonement
The achievement of the goal of the quest. It is what the person went on the journey to get. All the previous steps serve to prepare and purify the person for this step.
The Atonement

16. The Return
The trick in returning is to retain the wisdom gained on the quest, and to adjust to living in the “normal world” again.
Campbell: "The returning hero, to complete his adventure, must survive the impact of the world. Many failures attest to the difficulties of this life-affirmative threshold. The first problem of the returning hero is to accept as real, after an experience of the soul-satisfying vision of fulfillment, the passing joys and sorrows, banalities and noisy obscenities of life.