1. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Lecture Notes Chapter 4

2. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 The goal of argument analysis Goal: to present “a fair and accurate understanding of the argument in detail” Purpose: to make clear the argument’s conclusion (thesis) and premises so we can evaluate the argument

3. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Overview Analyzing Arguments Underlining and highlighting Mapping Casting

4. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Underlining and Highlighting Underline signal words or phrases –This helps you locate the conclusion Identify and highlight the argument’s conclusion Challenge the argument’s conclusion –Ask, why we should accept it as true? –Passages that respond to this question are premises Repeat this step as necessary to identify deeper layers of support or hidden premises

5. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Underline Signal Words International legal institutions, because they are fragile and not well established, cannot be relied upon to bring international terrorists to justice. And international terrorists are not entitled to the protection of the United States Constitution or Bill of Rights, because these documents pertain only to United States citizens. Therefore, international terrorists should be tried in secret by United States military tribunals.

6. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Underline Signal Words International legal institutions, because they are fragile and not well established, cannot be relied upon to bring international terrorists to justice. And international terrorists are not entitled to the protection of the United States Constitution or Bill of Rights, because these documents pertain only to United States citizens. Therefore, international terrorists should be tried in secret by United States military tribunals.

7. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Highlight the Conclusion International legal institutions, because they are fragile and not well established, cannot be relied upon to bring international terrorists to justice. And international terrorists are not entitled to the protection of the United States Constitution or Bill of Rights, because these documents pertain only to United States citizens. Therefore, international terrorists should be tried in secret by United States military tribunals.

8. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Highlight Conclusion and Premises International legal institutions, because they are fragile and not well established, cannot be relied upon to bring international terrorists to justice. And international terrorists are not entitled to the protection of the United States Constitution or Bill of Rights, because these documents pertain only to United States citizens. Therefore, international terrorists should be tried in secret by United States military tribunals. What is the conclusion? Which premises support the conclusion? Which premises support other premises?

9. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Mapping 1. Write the conclusion in a circle at the top of a page 2. Identify the premises that directly support this conclusion Put them in circles under the conclusion circle and draw arrows from them to the conclusion 3.Identify hidden claims that support the premises or that support the conclusion Put them in circles under the claim they support and draw arrows from them either to the conclusion or to the premise that they support Identify them with letters rather than numbers

10. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Mapping an argument

11. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Mapping an argument Conclusion Premises supporting the conclusion Premises supporting other premises Hidden premises

12. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Casting Identify the argument you want to analyze Put each claim in square brackets Number the claims consecutively in their order of appearance in the passage Use the numbers to represent and identify the various parts of the argument Extend casting of the argument to include hidden premises (claims) using letters to represent the hidden claims Connect the numbers with arrows to show what supports what

13. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Highlighting Conclusion and Premises International legal institutions, because [they are fragile and not well established,] [cannot be relied upon to bring international terrorists to justice.] [And international terrorists are not entitled to the protection of the United States Constitution or Bill of Rights,] because [these documents pertain only to United States citizens.] Therefore, [international terrorists should be tried in secret by United States military tribunals.] conclusion premises that support the conclusion premises that support other premises 1 2 3 4 5

14. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Casting the Same Argument 5 23 14

15. Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 4 Casting the Same Argument with Hidden Premises 5 2 3 1 4 a b