1. An Engineering Perspective Designing Cities in Europe for Bicycles

2. ProWalk ProBike Seattle 2008 Presented by: Tom Bertulis, PE Senior Technical Advisor Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) Designing Cities in Europe for Bicycles an Engineering Perspective 31 May 2005

3. Formerly:Tom Bertulis, PE Engineering Manager Cycling Scotland Currently: Tom Bertulis, PE Senior Technical Advisor ITDP Mexico Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4. Urban Transport Benchmarking Project (UTBI)

8. Presentation Outline Hierarchy of Solutions

9. (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

11. Does increasing cycling … reduce CO2 emissions? reduce congestion?

12. So how does that pertain to the Hierarchy of Solutions?

13. We just need to be clear of our goals … - Graham McGarva - Benton County (safety, comfort) - Large urban area

15. Try the Hierarchy of Solutions!

17. The vicious circle of providing infrastructure for motorized transport More Cars More roads More cars More roads Congestion

18. Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

19. Traffic Reduction

20. 20 Traffic Reduction

24. 1 of every 3 persons go to work by bicycle

25. 1990s: converted one way streets back into two way streets. 1960s; converted two way streets to one way streets. Copenhagen

27. Pedestrian space in Copenhagen increased by 7 times since 1960.

28. Build a cycle network?

29. Livingston, Scotland Livingston

30. Houten, Netherlands

35. Cycle traffic calming at road crossing Houten, Netherlands

38. Groningen, Netherlands

39. 39 57% of trips to school or work

42. Amsterdam, Netherlands

43. DHL goods distributions by boat near Cycle parking Amsterdam, Netherlands

45. Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

46. “People and Bikes before Cars” Signing Findhorn, Scotland

47. Cycle Route Traffic calming Rotterdam, Netherlands

50. Delft, Netherlands

54. Berlin: 72% calmed streets

55. Warrington, England

56. S-Hump traffic calming Warrington, England

57. S-Hump traffic calming Warrington, England

58. Geneva, Switzerland

61. Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

65. Malmö, Sweden Note the two way bike facility, poor design!

66. Roundabout Raised table

70. England

73. Odense, Denmark

76. Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

77. England

81. Scotland

82. Centreline removal with added cycle lanes (24’ lane) East Renfrewshire, Scotland

83. Centreline removal (24’ lane) Peebles, Scotland

84. 2003 Centerline Removal Study Wiltshire County Council Before and After study of 12 roads 33% reduction in motor vehicle accidents

86. 11 feet Bi-directional 5 foot Bike lane 5 foot Bike lane

88. 11 feet Bi-directional 5 foot Bike lane 5 foot Bike lane 2005 5600ADT 2005 150 Bikes/day 2006 4500 ADT 2006 183 Bikes/day 1 crash in 4 years

89. Centreline removal with added cycle lanes Geneva, Switzerland

90. Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

91. Velocity Motor vehicles per day

92. Are cyclists safer on off-road bike paths?

93. The short answer:

94. No. (the long answer: it depends)

95. in the Hierarchy of Solutions …

96. … providing bike paths are your last choice Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

97. Why are they not safer?

99. Side Road Crossing – danger! Michael Ronkin

106. Segregated facilties

107. Scotland

108. Mexico

112. 3m curb radius

113. Car culture/bike culture in Mexico vs Car culture/bike culture in the US And my final point …

114. Hierarchy of Solutions (1) Traffic Reduction (2) Traffic Calming (3) Intersection Treatment (4) Roadway Redistribution (5) Segregated Facilities First Priority Last Priority

115. Any questions?