1. Engineering Management Systems Engineering Management MSE607B Chapter 3 System Design Requirements

2. 2 Learning Objectives Cover the design requirements through the development of specifications Review some of the details as they pertain to individual design disciplines Introduction to a select sample of disciplines Importance of design integration through application of system engineering methods

3. 3 A Systems Engineer A ‘big picture’ person Focuses on stakeholder objectives Takes Broad perspective Nothing left out, detail oriented Considers all contingencies

4. 4 Total System Design Defined as: “The systematic activity necessary, beginning with identification of the user need to the selling and delivery of a product that will satisfy the need” Encompasses product, process, people and organization Evolve from initial identification of a need Developed through the accomplishment of feasibility analysis Design activities are included within each of the life cycle basic functions

5. 5 Development of Design Requirements and “Design-To” Criteria Define and allocate appropriate criteria for the system elements Break down of the system into elements Equipment Software People Facilities Data Information Specific, qualitative, quantitative

6. 6 Development of Specifications Establish the criteria for judging the performance of the system Determine whether the objectives of system are being achieved Criterion include: Qualitative Quantitative

7. 7 Development of Specifications (Cont’d)

8. 8 Integration of System Design Activities Based on the specification and established goals Categories of engineering expertise identified for the design and development of the system depends on: System nature and complexity Size of the project Highly dynamic, utilizing various specialties at various times Requires understanding, appreciation, communications

9. 9 Selected Design Engineering Disciplines Systems Engineering Establishes the baseline system design Allocates system requirements Establishes measures of effectiveness for ranking alternative designs Integrates the design among the design disciplines

10. 10 Selected Design Engineering Disciplines (Cont’d) Software Engineering Reliability Engineering Maintainability Engineering Human Factors Engineering Safety Engineering Security Engineering Manufacturing and Production Engineering Logistics and Supportability Engineering Disposability Engineering Quality Engineering Environmental Engineering Value/Cost Engineering

11. 11 Software Engineering Application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software The application of engineering to software Best-practice processes used to create and/or maintain software Is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles to obtain economically software that is reliable and works on real machines

12. 12 Reliability Engineering Systematic application of time-honored engineering principles and techniques throughout a product lifecycle Is an essential component of a good Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) program Goal: Evaluate the inherent reliability of a product or process and pinpoint potential areas for reliability improvement. All failures cannot be eliminated from a design Identify the most likely failures and then Identify appropriate actions to mitigate the effects of those failures

13. 13 Maintainability Engineering Ensure system availability at optimum Life Cycle Cost Key in the availability a system is its down time Time required to bring a failed system back to operation Normally attributed to maintenance activities To increase system's availability minimize the downtime Does not happen at random Ensure full consideration is given during the conceptual and design phase Assure maintainability characteristics of a system Implementing specific design practices Validated through maintainability assessment process Utilizing both analyses and testing

14. 14 Human Factors Engineering For example A light switch that operates a lamp across the room. Arranging light switches so there's no mystery as to what light they turn on is good human factors design Human Factors takes into consideration capabilities and limitations of the human operator Both physical and mental How these should be used to guide the design of systems with which people interact Important when implementing mission-critical avionics and aviation systems for military or commercial applications

15. 15 Safety Engineering Goals Manage the safety program Protect valuable assets from accidental harm Detect safety incidents i.e., accidents and near misses React to safety incidents Adapt to avoid future incidents

16. 16 Safety Engineering (cont.) Objectives Develop a safety program and document it in a safety program plan Monitor the status of the safety program Assess and certify compliance of: The endeavor to its safety program plan Work products to their safety goals and requirements Eliminate or mitigate hazards Develop safety requirements Ensure that safety risks are at an acceptable level

17. 17 Safety’s Role in the Cost & Schedule Paradigm Safety can play a significant and sometimes contributory role in the cost and schedule paradigm Safety’s contribution can impact the cost and schedule both positively and negatively The goal of any project should be to achieve a balance in terms of cost and safety

18. 18 Security Engineering The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security and survivability of a system throughout its life cycle. Protect information systems from Corruption Eavesdropping Unauthorized use General malice

19. 19 Manufacturing and Production Engineering Functions Analyze and plan work force utilization, space requirements, and workflow They Develop step-by-step methods Design the layout of equipment and workspace Decide when and where to use robots, computer-aided design (CAD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) Recommend changes in the design of a product Confer with management on production capabilities, schedules, and problems Determine product specifications

20. 20 Manufacturing and Production Engineering (cont.) Functions Arrange for purchase of equipment, materials, or parts and evaluate them Estimate production times and determine how many workers are required Devise racks, bins, or other containers Design the layout of equipment and workspace Recommend changes in the design of a product

21. 21 Logistics and Supportability Engineering Supportability Engineering Determine the optimum operating, support and disposal requirement of a system or equipment over its whole-life under given conditions For operator P rovides the definition and cost of whole-life support For supplier Provides the definition and revenue from whole-life support Can also be applied for an individual equipment, or product line

22. 22 Disposability Engineering What disposition assigned to items as they are phased out of the inventory Eliminating waste Minimizing cost Precluding negative impacts on the environment Allow recycle or reuse More important now than in the past because… Resources become scarce Environmental concerns increase

23. 23 Quality Engineering A set of activities to ensure quality characteristics of a product are at the nominal or required levels Consists of quality assurance and quality control Maximize the quality of the process, system, and the products it produces Inspection and test planning Data analysis Corrective action Interface with marketing and engineering

24. 24 Environmental Engineering Assist with the development of : Water distribution systems Recycling methods Sewage treatment plants Other pollution prevention Control systems in the water, air, and land Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and pesticides

25. 25 Value/Cost Engineering Define business and manufacturing problems and opportunities to: Solving problems by analyzing functions Assessing value (cost and performance) of functions Identify and close gaps to achieve business value Benefits Reduce cost for system products and components Reduce operating and maintenance costs Reduce processing time and material or procedures Reduce product transition time Improve operability of a facility and quality of a process or product Improve process yield, maintainability, and reliability

26. 26 Interactive Workshop Software Engineering is: a)Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. b)Application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of hardware. c)Application of CAD/CAM programming d)Application of ATE programming

27. 27 Security Engineering is: a)The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security and survivability of the employees b)The effort to achieve and maintain optimal security and survivability of a system throughout its life cycle c)Has nothing to do with systems engineering d)Both (a) and (b) Interactive Workshop

28. 28 Environmental Engineering: a)Determine the optimum operating, support and disposal of a system b)Maximize the quality of the process, system, and the products it produces c)Constantly seek new ways to reduce air pollution and pesticides d)Constantly seek new ways to increase air pollution and pesticides Interactive Workshop

29. 29 Integration of system engineering activities depends on: a)System nature and complexity b)The size of the project c)System achieving design objectives d)Both (a) and (b) Interactive Workshop

30. 30 Development Specification and Product Specification are: a)Also called Type “A” and Type “B” b)Based on “Make-or-Buy” decisions c)Also called Type “C” and Type “D” d)Developed during detail design Interactive Workshop

31. 31 Summary Certain degree of interdependence Maintainability is based on reliability Supportability is based on reliability and maintainability Safety is based on human factors Disciplines build on each other Communication is essential Free exchange of design-related data The need to integrate these activities into a total effective engineering design effort is a major aspect of system engineering

32. 32 Homework Assignment Chapter 3 - Textbook page 196 Answer questions 1, 3, 11, 20, 23, 29, and 33. Use homework format provided in course website Read Chapter 4 - Engineering Design Methods and Tools Pages 201-222

33. 33 Questions? Comments?