2. The Need for Translations 1 Peter 1:25 “ But the WORD OF THE Lord ABIDES FOREVER.“ And this is the word which was preached to you ”

4. So many choices … King James Version New King James Version American Standard Version Revised Standard Version New American Standard Bible English Standard Version

5. So many choices … New International Version Contemporary English Version New Living Translation God’s Word The Message The Living Bible Good News Bible

6. “Today, there is a range of translations running the full gamut from the most literal, such as the New American Standard Bible to the most free such as The Message and The Word on the Street”

7. Airman’s Bible Policeman’s Bible Fireman’s Bible Bible-zines

16. So Many Choices … So confusing –W–Which one should you choose? –W–Why are there so many? –D–Do we even need all of these translations?

18. The Need for Translations The Bible was written in three languages –Old Testament Hebrew

19. Hebrew א בְּרֵאשִׁית, בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים, אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ. “ In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. ”

21. The Need for Translations The Bible was written in three languages –O–Old Testament Hebrew Aramaic –D–Daniel, Ezra, a few other places

22. Aramaic

23. The Bible was written in three languages –N–New Testament Koine Greek

24. Greek “ Ἐ ν ἀ ρχ ῇ ἦ ν ὁ λ ό γος, κα ὶ ὁ λ ό γος ἦ ν πρ ὸ ς τ ὸ ν θε ό ν, κα ὶ θε ὸ ς ἦ ν ὁ λ ό γος.” John 1:1 “ In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. ”

25. The Need for Translations How many present today can read any of these ancient languages –H–Have it translated for us by reputable scholars –A–All of us learn to speak and read ancient Greek

30. The King James Version has been good enough for almost 400 years, why change from it?

31. Why the need? King James Version you have is not the original King James Version –Actually an updated version –Updated numerous times from 1611 to 1833 in attempts to remove some of the errors found in earlier editions.

32. Genefis j. 1 “ In the beginning God created the Heauen, and the Earth. 2 And the earth was without forme, and voyd, and darkenesse was vpon the face of the deepe: and the Spirit of God mooued vpon the face of the waters. ”

33. Ieremiah XV 11-13 “ The Lord said, Verely it shall be well with thy remnant, verely I will cause the enemie to intreat thee well in the time of euill, and in the time of affliction. 12 Shall yron breake the Northren yron, and the steele? 13 Thy substance and thy treasures will I giue to the spoile without price and that for all thy sinnes, euen in all thy borders. ”

34. Why the need? King James Version was one of many available in English at that time. –J–John Wycliffe had begun translating in 1380 from the Latin Vulgate

36. King James Version was one of many available in English at that time. –J–John Wycliffe had begun translating in 1380 from the Latin Vulgate –A–Adhelm – Psalms in the late 7 th century –B–Bede – Gospel of John by 735 AD

37. Wycliffe – Genesis 1:1-3 “ In the bigynnyng God made of nouyt heuene and erthe. 2 Forsothe the erthe was idel and voide, and derknessis weren on the face of depthe; and the Spiryt of the Lord was borun on the watris. 3 And God seide, Liyt be maad, and liyt was maad. ”

38. Wycliffe - John 14:1-4 “ Be not youre herte affraied, ne drede it. Ye bileuen in god, and bileue ye in me. In the hous of my fadir ben many dwellyngis: if ony thing lasse I hadde seid to you, for I go to make redi to you a place. And if I go and make redi to you a place, eftsone I come and I schal take you to my silf, that where I am, ye be. And whidir I go ye witen: and ye witen the wey. ”

41. Why the need? King James Version was one of many available in English at that time. –B–By the time the KJV became available it was one of many and the newest of them all.

42. Early Translations William Tyndale – 1525 –Invention of printing press – 1450 –Erasmus publication of the Greek Testament in 1516 –Tyndale was able to translate from the original language, unlike earlier translators.

45. Early Translations The Coverdale Bible – 1535

47. The Coverdale Bible – 1535 The Matthew’s Bible – 1537

49. The Coverdale Bible – 1535 The Matthew’s Bible – 1537 Taverner’s Bible – 1539 The Great Bible – 1539 The Geneva Bible – 1560

51. The Coverdale Bible – 1535 The Matthew’s Bible – 1537 Taverner’s Bible – 1539 The Great Bible – 1539 The Geneva Bible – 1560 The Bishop’s Bible – 1568

52. The Douay-Rheims Bible –N–NT – 1582 –O–OT – 1609

55. The Douay-Rheims Bible –N–NT – 1582 –O–OT – 1609 By 1611, there were already 8 translations available, all less than 100 years old

56. Of interest is that all of these translations included the Appocrypha, even the KJV –I–Includes books such as The rest of Esther The idol Bel and the Dragon 1 & 2 Maccabees

57. Why the need? Even Jesus used a modern translation –J–Jesus quoted from the Septuagint version of the OT scriptures more often than from Hebrew –S–Septuagint was translated around 285 BC

58. Languages change –A–All languages in use today are constantly growing, changing, evolving

59. Languages change –T–The meaning of words change over time “Conversation” – 2 Peter 3:11

60. 2 Peter 3:11 - KJV “ Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness, ”

61. 2 Peter 3:11 - KJV “ Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness, ”

62. 2 Peter 3:11 – NASB-U “ Since all these things are to be destroyed in this way, what sort of people ought you to be in holy conduct and godliness, ”

63. Why the need? Languages change –T–The meaning of words change over time “Conversation” – 2 Peter 3:11 “Charity” – 1 Corinthians 13

64. 1 Corinthians 13:4 - KJV “ Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, ”

65. 1 Corinthians 13:4 - KJV “ Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, ”

66. 1 Corinthians 13:4 – NASB-U “ Love is patient, love is kind, and is not jealous; love does not brag and is not arrogant, ”

67. Why the need? Languages change –T–The meaning of words change over time –S–Some are no longer considered acceptable speech 1 Samuel 25:22

68. 1 Samuel 25:22 - KJV “ So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. ”

69. 1 Samuel 25:22 - KJV “ So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. ”

70. Why the need? Languages change –T–The meaning of words change over time –S–Some are no longer considered acceptable speech –O–Other Words become obsolete “Wot” – Genesis 21:26

71. Genesis 21:26 - KJV “ And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day. ”

72. Genesis 21:26 - KJV “ And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day. ”

73. Genesis 21:26 – NASB-U “ And Abimelech said, "I do not know who has done this thing; neither did you tell me, nor did I hear of it until today." ”

75. Danger of “Modern Translations” Not all translations are done well –In fact, some cannot even be properly called a translation, but are in fact a paraphrase.

76. Danger of “Modern Translations” Methods of Translating –F–Formal Equivalence attempts to render the text word-for- word

77. Methods of Translating –F–Formal Equivalence –D–Dynamic Equivalence attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text

78. Methods of Translating –F–Formal Equivalence –D–Dynamic Equivalence –I–Idiomatic or Paraphrastic translation attempts to paraphrase the ideas of the Scriptures and use modern idioms to get the point across

79. Genesis 1:1-2 – GNB/TEV “ In the beginning, when God created the universe, 2 the earth was formless and desolate. The raging ocean that covered everything was engulfed in total darkness, and the power of God was moving over the water. ”

80. Danger of “Modern Translations” The KJV uses the Dynamic Equivalence –P–Poetic Elizabethan / Shakespearean language.

81. The KJV uses the Dynamic Equivalence The ASV uses the Formal Equivalence –A–A very literal translation –L–Loses some of it’s readability because of the difference in sentence structure

82. The NASB tries to walk the line carefully between these two –G–Giving an easier read, without giving up the literalness of the translation. The NIV attempts to blur the lines altogether –u–using a combination of Dynamic Equivalence and Paraphrastic.

83. Many modern translations fall under the sway of Premillenialist thought and Calvinistic doctrines.

85. Acts 2:38 – KJV - 1611 “ Then Peter said vnto them, Repent, and be baptized euery one of you in the Name if Iesus chris, for the remission of sinnes, and ye shal receiue the gift of the holy Ghost. ”

86. Acts 2:38 - KJV “ Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. ”

87. Acts 2:38 - NKJV “ Then Peter said to them, “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit ”

88. Acts 2:38 - ASV “ And Peter said unto them, Repent ye, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ unto the remission of your sins; and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. ”

89. Acts 2:38 – NASB-U “ Peter said to them, "Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. ”

90. Acts 2:38 – NIV “ Peter replied, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit ”

91. Acts 2:38 – GNB/TEV “ Peter said to them, “Each one of you must turn away from his sins and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, so that your sins will be forgiven; and you will receive God’s gift, the Holy Spirit ”