1. Armada Rubber Manufacturing Company Molders of Small Rubber Products Mechanical and Industrial Molding Specialists, Design, and Production Material Formulation

2. Location 24586 Armada Ridge Road, Armada, MI 48005- 0579 60,000 sqft www.armadarubber.com American Owned Phoenix Engineering – local (248)475-4888

3. Capabilities 60+ Years of Experience A Trusted Supplier the automotive community for 60+ years Rubber Formulating & Compounding On-Site Rubber Molding – Specialize in Smaller Parts but not restricted to Engineering Design Prototyping Fast Production Tooling Program Management

4. Our Rubber Parts… Cushion & Absorb Energy Seal Out: noise, dirt, water Store and Release Energy Isolate Components Beautify & Protect Our Approach: “Design as a Competitive Advantage”

5. Quality Awards TS-16949 Certified ISO-14001 Certified QS-9000 Certified Toyota Delivery and Quality Award (Every Year Shipped Direct to Toyota)

6. Quality Chart

7. ARMADA RUBBER Manufacturing Company Application FAQ’s / Lessons Learned

8. Head Type Rubber is an incompressible solid, it can only be deflected Type 1, 3, 4 – Minimal Deflection; Highest Energy Absorption; Application: High Load/Over Slam Type 2, 5 – Greater Deflection; Lower Energy Absorption; Application: Low Energy Dynamic Load Type 6 – Most Deflection; Lowest Energy Absorption; Application: Low Energy Static Load; Non-linear Compression Curve Characteristic; Ultimate Acoustical Soft Sound and Feel.

9. Retainer Style Ergonomics: –Best: Pull thru – Must have access to back panel –Better: Push thru – Tool necessary –Good: Twist in – Line up with tear drop shaped hole in substrate & rotate 360 Retention: –Best: Twist in – Maximum retainer ratio & durometer available –Better: Pull thru – Solid neck & retainer –Good: Push thru – Hole for installation allows for deflection Cost: –Best: Pull thru – Difference in tooling –Better: Push thru – Addition of core pins in tool cost –Good: Twist in – Lower cavitations

10. Substrate Requirements Metal Substrate: –Holes punched from installation side yield a beneficial die roll & burr –Holes punched from opposite side yield a detrimental die roll & burr – resulting in eventual ergonomic issues and poor bumper retention Plastic Substrate: –1/2mm radius should be molded into the hole from installation side –By varying the local substrate thickness at the hole, a wider selection of existing parts can be attained General Substrate: –Some interference in groove height dimension is allowable to broaden the selection of build to order parts Best Retention: –Match hole diameter with groove diameter line-to-line –Groove thickness to substrate thickness, line to line or slightly tight

11. Installation Insertion tools for push-in bumpers should have a diameter slightly smaller than the insertion hole. Insertion tools usually have a shoulder, to prevent piercing the carrot. If installation is difficult try: Armada Rubber proprietary molded in lubricant that can be made in almost any durometer and in any material. As a last resort try a small amount of Rosewater NOTE: Many factors affect installation efforts: Operator Attitude; Hole Size; Durometer of the bumper; Proper install tool; Operator’s angle of attack; Shape of hole (burr or die roll); Temperature (ambient and that of the rubber bumper, warmer is better); Humidity; Bloom or Surface Contaminants if any

12. Recessed Head Bumpers These bumpers are specifically designed to receive a fastener. If bumper ships with integrated fastener interference fit is necessary. For bumpers attached with screws, depending on durometer & torque requirement, a washer may be needed to prevent damage during installation Recessed head bumpers are chosen when maximum retention is essential for the application

13. Hole Plugs On plane sealing – this style has a mushroom shaped head that seals on the surface – excellent for off-plane hole distortions Radial sealing in the through hole – Diameter interference fit of 1 to 2mm necessary

14. Average Install Efforts Plastic Plug Rubber Plug 7 lbf 7.8 lbf Rubber Plug 6.1 lbf 6.8 lbf Santoprene Plug ½” plugs 12 lbf FAIL Maximum Allowed

15. Push-Out Efforts Plastic Plug Rubber Plug 7 lbf 20.7 lbf Rubber Plug 15 lbf 18.6 lbf Santoprene Plug ½” plugs 13 lbf min

16. Valves Armada Rubber has highly engineered single shot valve systems capability One or two way valves to selectively move water and/or air Multi-piece assembly valves protect valve function against mud, stone impingement and other environmental issues Applications: Head/tail light vent tubes that inhibit water/dust intrusion; structural foam injection valves; one-way plenum drains; duckbill drains, etc.

17. Line Plugs Line plugs require interference between parts for the plug to retain. This interference occurs between the inside diameter of the line and the outside diameter of the plug.

18. Grommets Grommets act as isolators or protect a part that travels through them. The dimensions of a grommet must be close to that of the substrate into which it will be installed. Grommet Applications are: Isolators, drains, wire/tube pass through.

19. Grommets Grommets are dynamic energy absorbers For ease of installation a lead-in is recommended Grommets for mounting applications such as ABS units mounted to the bracket and vehicle are critical for noise and vibration abatement.

20. Caps Caps can be used to either keep fluid from flowing in or out of an area, they can be used as a bumper or as a stand off. Interference between the I.D. and O.D. should be 10 – 15%.

21. Specialty Parts Stabilizer/isolator pockets for brake/fuel line; single piece engineered latch pocket/receiver. Dampeners Vacuum connectors Gap hider/cosmetic close-out generally molded in TPO, TPE or Santoprene.

22. Summary Piece Price Reductions exist with Better Technology Better technology comes in the form of: –Superior Materials formulated and manufactured by Armada Rubber –Superior designs to meet the broad objectives of fewer parts, less assembly, lighter weight, multi-function The Armada Rubber Design Proposal:

23. Armada Advantages OUTSTANDING SUPPORT –Experience & Expertise –Existing Armada Molds OUTSTANDING DESIGN –Dual Functions –Dual Durometer Functionality in Single Durometer Part Saving Cost –Innovation WORLD CLASS MATERIALS –Compound Our Own Rubbers –Slippery Rubber –‘Dead’ Rubber –Cold Set Rubber

24. ARMADA RUBBER Manufacturing Company Using Design as our COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE