1. Muhammad Adnan Atif Bme 01083039 Aneel abbas Bme 01083020 Muhammad Kamran Bme 01083047 Iftikhar-ul-Hassan shah Bme 01083048 Suhaib Iftikhar Bme 01083019

2. o Processing Elastomer o Processing reinforced plastics o Manufacturing Honeycomb materials Submitted To: Mr. Hassan Farid khan

3. An elastomer is a polymer with the property of elasticity generally having high yield strain compared with other materials.

4. Fig A is a schematic drawing of an unstressed polymer. The dots represent cross-links. B is the same polymer under stress. When the stress is removed, it will return to the A configuration.

5. The long polymer chains cross-link during curing, i.e., vulcanizing. The covalent cross-linkages ensure that the elastomer will return to its original configuration when the stress is removed. As a result of this extreme flexibility, elastomers can reversibly extend from 5- 700%.

6. Temperature effects are also present in the demonstrated elasticity of a polymer. Elastomers that have cooled to a glassy or crystalline phase will have less elasticity, than those manipulated at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber are mostly used elastomers.

7. Natural Rubber Raw material extracted from trees

8. Synthetic Polyisoprene or Isoprene Rubber Supply of natural rubber disrupted during WWI and WWII. Used in tires for bicycles and cars.

9. Acrylic Elastomers : Exhibiting the attributes of high- performance durability, These acrylic elastomers are useful in various industries that are mentioned below Automotive power train seals Gaskets Dampers EPDM Elastomers : It is synthetic rubber,elastomer. Useful in the manufacturing of rubber sheets and various industries, have good resistance to water-based chemicals, vegetable-based hydraulic oils and outstanding heat, ozone, and weather resistance.

10. Neoprene Elastomers : Neoprene or polychloroprene is a family of synthetic rubber that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene. It has good chemical stability maintains flexibility over a wide temperature rang. are used in many industries for the manufacturing of the following: Car fan belts Gaskets Adhesive and laptop sleeves. Thermoplastic elastomer eliminate the vulcanization cycle and can be processed into products by all of the conventional thermoplastic polymer process [ injection molding, extrusion,blow molding, thermoforming and others] Thermoplastic elastomer eliminate the vulcanization cycle and can be processed into products by all of the conventional thermoplastic polymer process [ injection molding, extrusion,blow molding, thermoforming and others]

11. Styrene Butadiene Rubber Different products made out of (SBR) Application of synthetic elastomer :

12. Rubber expansion joints The expansion joints, type SF-130 series, are made of high-quality butyl/EPDM rubber for cooling water, potable water, alkaline solutions, etc., and are used as flexible connections within piping systems to neutralize axial and lateral movements caused by heat expansion

13. Shock mounts : Cup elements made out of high-quality natural rubber for the acoustic isolation of motors,pumps,& compressors. All cup elements are also available with stainless steel parts (standard = carbon steel) and on request also with high damping silicone (standard = natural rubber).

14. Polyurethane elastomers are useful in several applications. Elastomeric properties are determined by the material mix. Its true strength lies in its damping abilities, absorbing and isolating extreme shock, noise and vibration. Trelleborg Automotive uses PU materials for bushing and bump stop applications PU Bump stop :

15. Ball valves : These valves are manufactured with 34 different types of elastomers and each made for different applications, according to the various sectors that use them. In these types of valves, the sphere rotates and rests on an elastomer seat, ensuring complete water tightness.