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1 Flax Fiber as Reinforcement in Recycled Tire Rubber and Thermoplastics Composite Jimmy Fung and Satya Panigrahi Agricultural & Bioresource Engineering Dept. University of Saskatchewan CSBE/SCGAB 2008 Annual Conference Vancouver, British Columbia July 13 - 16, 2008 Paper No. CSBE08-191
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2 Outline Introduction Objectives Materials Experimental Method Results & Discussions Conclusion
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3 Introduction Natural fibers have been used as the reinforcement in plastic industry Advantages with natural fiber: lower density, lower processing temperature, non-abrasive nature, renewable and relatively cheaper in cost Scrap rubber: non-degradable, e.g. wasted carpet rubber underlay, industrial wasted rubber and wasted tires Serious solid waste disposal and hazard environmental problem
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4 Introduction (con’t) Developing new and innovative materials utilizing agricultural residue and recycled polymer Reduction of CO 2 Add crop’s economic value Recycling
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5 Objectives Investigate a viable biocomposite material from the flax fiber/shive, recycled tire rubber and thermoplastics Develop the extrusion and compression molding process on this composite material
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6 Materials Saskatchewan-grown oilseed flax fiber Contains 80% fiber, 20% shives Without any treatment Thermal degradation temperature: Cellulose: 300ºC Hemicellulose: 220 to 280ºC Lignin: 280 to 300ºC Oilseed Flax Field Retted Flax Bale Decorticated Flax Fiber
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7 Materials (con’t) Recycled ground tire rubber (GTR) Size about 0.4 mm, density 1226 kg/m 3 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Melting temperature is at 127 o C; and crystallization temperature is 112.7 o C Lubricant Improve the process smoothness
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8 Experimental Method
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9 Composite Preparation Flax fiber – size used through 2 mm screen Mix the materials in different composition ratio Blend the mixture with mixer
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10 Processing Procedure Extrusion Single-screw extruder Cross-linked rubber can be broken under high shear stress and high temperature Fiber mixed into the polymer Max temperature used: 200°C Compression Molding Heated press into 20 cm x 20 cm square shape sample Heating temperature: 150°C Extruder Heated press
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11 Material & Properties Tests Tearing test : ASTM D624-00 Tensile test : ASTM D412-98a Water absorption test: ASTM D570-98 Durometer hardness test : ASTM D2240-02b Type C tearing test specimen Dumbbell tensile test specimens Instron testing machine
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12 Results & Discussions Tearing test results of the biocomposites
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13 Results & Discussions (con’t) Tensile test results (in yield stress) of the biocomposites
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14 Results & Discussions (con’t) Tensile test results (in Young’s modulus) of the biocomposites
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15 Results & Discussions (con’t) Water Absorption test results of the biocomposites
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16 Results & Discussions (con’t) Hardness test results of the biocomposites
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17 Conclusion Composite can be done through the extrusion and compression molding processes Flax fiber has been successfully demonstrated as the reinforcement in the biocomposite Tensile yield strength and stiffness of GTR - LLDPE composite are improved with adding flax fiber content Higher LLDPE content exhibited higher tensile strength, better stiffness, improved tear strength, less water absorption and harder
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18 Acknowledgements Saskatchewan Agriculture Research Chair Program in Engineering. NSERC Biofibre Industries Ltd. SaskBet Inc Department of Agriculture and Bioresource Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan
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19 References Fukumori, K. and M. Matsushita. 2003. Material Recycling Technology of Crosslinked Rubber Waste – Review. R&D Review of Toyota CRDL. Vol. 38 No. 1. Science Links Japan. Available at: http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/journal/R/ G0820B/ 2003.php (Accessed 29 September 2007) Mohanty, A.K., M. Misra and L.T. Drzal. 2001. Surface modifications of natural fibers and performance of the resulting biocomposites: An overview. Composite Interfaces. Vol. 8: 313-343. Saheb, N.D. and J.P. Jog. 1999. Natural fiber polymer composites: A review. In Advance in Polymer Technology. Vol. 18, No. 4, 351-363. Van de Velde, K. and P. Kiekens. 2002. Thermal degradation of flax: the determination of kinetic parameters with thermogravimetric analysis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 3: 2634-2643.
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20 Thank You Questions?
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