1. CONTAINER HANDLING EQUIPMENT
SHIP/SHORE CRANE
TUGMASTER/CHASSIS
FORK LIFT TRUCK
REACH STACKER
STRADDLE CARRIER
RUBBER TYRED GANTRY (RTG)
RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY (RMG)
OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE (OHBC)

5. JIB CRANE

15. CONTAINER CRANE (PORTAINER*) Panamax - Post - Super Post
Capacity: tons
Outreach: mtrs
Railgauge: mtrs
Backreach: mtrs

16. CONTAINER CRANE Hoist Speed: 50/160 m/min
Lift above rail: mtrs
Length: 27 mtrs
Productivity: ctrs/hr
Single Hoist - Double Hoist
Spreader: Fixed - Telescopic - Twinlift
Investment: > $ 5.0 mio

19. PLUS SHIP’S GANTRY

23. Double Hoist Crane + Multi Trailer System

25. GIAIO TAURO

29. BACK REACH

30. OVERHEIGHT SPREADER - FIXED

31. SPREADER

32. SPREADER

33. SPREADER

34. SPREADER

35. CONTAINER CRANE
Containership future development: 8000/10.000/ TEU
Now: 6690 TEU Ship: 17 rows across
Future: 18/20/22 rows across
Port turn around time not to be extended:
Mega crane (Supertainer)
Ship in a slip (recess dock) - handling both sides

36. CONTAINER CRANE Mega crane - Supertainer* Capacity: 65 tons
Outreach: up to 61 mtrs
Railgauge: mtrs
Backreach: mtrs
Hoist Speed: 100/200 m/min

37. CONTAINER CRANE Lift above rail: 40 mtrs Length: 27 mtrs
Productivity: ctrs/hr

39. CONTAINER CRANE DOCK Ship in a slip/recess dock ECT - Rotterdam; 1992
FCT - Zeebrugge: 1994
CMTI - Amsterdam: 1998
Not (yet) realised

42. CONTAINER CRANE DOCK Design: Length: 390 mtrs Width: 55 mtrs
Operated by: = 9 (Super) Post Panamax cranes
Total productivity: 300 ctrs/hr

45. TUGMASTER (TRACTOR) Horizontal Transport Easy (dis)connecting Chassis
Easy manoeuvrable
Pulling force > 80 tons
4 x 4 Wheel Drive for Ro-Ro’s
With Gooseneck -> slavetrailers for Ro-Ro
Reversable steering system
Investment: $

50. MULTI - TRAILER SYSTEM

55. TERMINAL CHASSIS Horizontal Transport - Storage specified containers
Extremely strong/sturdy construction
Guiding devices for easy loading
Suitable for 2 x 20’
Two - high ?
Investment: $

62. ROAD CHASSIS Brakes - Lights - Regulations Storage: USA
Advantage: No additional yardhandling equipment -Easy access for roadtruckers
Disadvantage: Extremely area consuming (up to 45 m2/TEU) - Availability of chassis from Container Operator

65. STRADDLE CARRIER Straddling one container row Stacking 1 over 2/3
Storage: 14/16 m2/TEU
Productivity: ctrs/hr
Weight: 55 tons (+container)
Wheelloads: 10 tons
Investment: $ 0.6 mio

66. STRADDLE CARRIER Systems: All Straddle Carrier: Transport and Stacking
Straddle Carrier/Chassis: Stacking only

67. STRADDLE CARRIER Advantages: Flexibility - Relatively low wheelloads
Disadvantages:
Flexibility (Safety) - Long travel distances - Damage sensitivity - Less suitable for automation - (Reliability)

76. RUBBER TYRED GANTRY Straddling 6 - 8 containers plus trucklane
Stacking: 1 over 3/4/5
Storage: m2/TEU
Productivity: ctrs/hr
Weight: >110 tons
Wheelloads: up to 40 tons (8 wheels)
Investment: $ 1.3 mio

81. RUBBER TYRED GANTRY Advantages:
Ample flexibility (transferable from stack to stack by turning wheels 90 degrees)
High productivity: One RTG can match one Ship/shore container crane
Reliability - Less sensitive to damage - Suitable for automation - Efficient stacking

82. RUBBER TYRED GANTRY Disadvantages:
High wheelloads ( to be reduced by applying 16 wheels)

83. RUBBER TYRED GANTRY Automated steering systems: Damage prevention
Inductive loop in wheelpath
Optical

85. RUBBER TYRED GANTRY Auto - steering plus Positioning: Magnetic plates
Metal strips - sensors
DGPS - Satellite navigation/positioning

87. RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY
Straddling 15 + containers plus trucklane(s) (and railtrack)
Stacking: 1 over 5/6
Storage: m2/TEU
Productivity: 25 ctrs/hr
Railtracks
Investment: > $ 1.5 mio

91. RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY Advantages:
Reliability - High productivity - Less sensitive to damage - Suitable for automation (ASC)

92. RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY Disadvantages:
Not flexible - not transferable to other stack
High investments
High Throughput Terminals

93. RMG

95. RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY ECT - Delta Sea Land Terminal
Double hoist Super Post Panamax ship-shore cranes
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)
Automated Stacking cranes (ASC) (3-high/5 wide)

102. OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE OHBC Rigid construction Fully automated
Transfer area sea/land side served by Straddle carrier - ? -
High stacking capacity

107. OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE
High Throughput Terminals: (Pasir Panjang Terminal PSA - Design capacity: 35 mio TEU/yr
(Mid 1980 constructed by Container Repair Company in Rotterdam for servicing its MT depot)

108. MISCELLANEOUS FLT + Attachments Side stacker/loader Reach Stacker
Container Freight Station (CFS)
MT Depot (Storage)

121. COMMUNICATION Mobilophone System
Mobilophone: Yard Operator - Handling Equipment
Portophone: Ass. Manager - Foreman - Checker
Separate Portophones for Ship - Shore cranes (driver and radioman - safety)

122. COMMUNICATION Mobilophone System: Disadvantage:
Too many frequencies - external disturbances - hifg degree of discipline required - sensitive to mistakes

123. CONTROL Automated Container Terminal Control System
NAVIS - SPARCS/EXPRESS
COSMOS
Radio Data Transmission
Instructions and confirmations via LCD screen/keyboard. Equipment: fixed units - others mobile hand held terminals

132. COMMUNICATION Mobilophone/Portophone
For “normal”verbal communication and safety reasons

133. LABOUR Less physical functions
Increasing need specialist/combi functions
Flexibility/Employability
Automation: Administration - Planning - Operations

136. LABOUR COMBI FUNCTIONS
Mainfunction + A
Tugmaster Checker RTG ugmaster Checker Ctr. Crane RTG Tugmaster Checker

137. EQUIPMENT CAPACITY ANNUAL
Ship-Shore Container Crane: hrs x 25 ctrs/hr = ctrs
Straddle Carrier: hrs x 12 ctrs/hr = ctrs
Rubber Tyred Gantry: hrs x 20 ctrs/hr = ctrs
Rail Mounted Gantry: hrs x 25 ctrs/hr = ctrs

138. EQUIPMENT CAPACITY STORAGE
Chassis: m2/TEU
Straddle Carrier 16 m2/TEU
RTG m2/TEU
RMG m2/TEU
FLT (MT) m2/TEU
FLT (Full) 25 m2/TEU
Reachstacker 15 m2/TEU

139. EQUIPMENT CAPACITY EQUIPMENT: Containers/Moves per Hour/Shift/Year
STORAGE: TEU’s
SHIPS: TEU’s
TEU = Twenty feet Equivalent Unit
FEU = Fourty feet Equivalent Unit

141. EQUIPMENT COSTS EXAMPLE
CONTAINER CRANE Investment: $ 6.0 mio
Annual:
Depreciation 25 yrs $ Interest Costs (8%) $ M&R 2.5% I $ Power $ Total $

142. EQUIPMENT COSTS EXAMPLE
TOTAL PER YEAR: $
Running Hours: 3000
Per Hour: $ 250

144. EQUIPMENT COSTS EXAMPLE
RUBBER TYRED GANTRY
Investment: $ 1.3 mio
Annual:
Depreciation 12 yrs $ Interestcosts 8% $ M&R 7.5 % I $ Fuel 20 ltr/hr $ Total $

145. EQUIPMENT COSTS EXAMPLE
TOTAL PER YEAR: $
Running Hours: 3000
Per Hour: $ 104

147. EQUIPMENT COSTS EXAMPLE
TUGMASTER
Investment: $
Annual:
Depreciation 10 yrs: $ Interestcosts 8 % $ M&R 15% I: $ Fuel 10 ltr/hr: $ Total $

148. EQUIPMENT COSTS EXAMPLE
TOTAL PER YEAR: $
Running Hours: 3000
Per Hour: $
Chassis: $

150. GANG COST STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
Per Gang/hr:
a) Labour: Foreman $ Cranedrivers $ Checkers $ Tugm. Drivers $ RTG Driver $ Lashers $ Total Labour: $ 440

151. GANG COST STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
b) Equipment: Contr. Crane $ Tugmasters + Chassis $ RTG $ Total Equipment $ 454
c) Working Area etc. $ 106 TOTAL $ 1000

152. RATE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
Total Gang Costs $ Overhead 40% $ Total Costs $ Profit 20% $ Grand Total $ 1680 per Hour

154. RATE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
Total Gangcosts per hour: $ Total Gangcosts per shift: $ 13440
Productivity: Gross ctrs/shift Lost Labour etc. 30% 60 ctrs/shift Net ctrs/shift

155. RATE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
Net productivity: 140 ctrs/shift
Rate per container/move: : 140 = $ 96.-