1. North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 134-155)

2. DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS ANGLO-AMERICAN LABEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHRISTIAN FAITHS EUROPEAN NORMS GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS HIGHLY URBANIZED MOBILE POPULATIONS HIGH INCOMES MANUFACTURING OUTPUT FEDERAL STATES WITH PLURAL SOCIETIES

3. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

4. CLIMATE PATTERNS

5. INDIGENOUS DOMAINS

7. 182 0 18401860188019001920194019601980 THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980 British Isles Germany Scandinavia South/East Europe Latin America Asia Immigration in 1000s Push Factors Pull Factors +1840s: Irish Potato Famine+Economic Opportunity +1850-1920: Overpopulation, War+Political/Religious Freedom +Recent: Overpopulation, War, Oppression+Land Availability 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

8. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

9. URBAN GEOGRAPHY CONCERNED WITH THE SPATIAL ASPECTS OF CITIES AND URBAN NETWORKS 4 MAJOR THEMES HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CITIES INTERURBAN GEOGRAPHY INTRAURBAN GEOGRAPHY URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING 3 KEY MODELS BORCHERT; ADAMS; VANCE

10. BORCHERT’S MODEL (METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION) GENERALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL GROWTH OF THE US URBAN SYSTEM BASED ON KEY CHANGES IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY OCCURRED IN 5 STAGES Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830) Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870) Steel-Rail Epoch (1870-1920) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970) Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch (1970-?)

11. ADAM’S MODEL FOCUSED ON INTRAURBAN GROWTH BASED ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY A PATTERN OF OUTWARD-AREAL EXPANSION OCCURRED IN 4 STAGES <1888- WALKING-HORSECAR ERA 1888-1920- ELECTRIC STREETCAR ERA 1920-1945- RECREATIONAL AUTO ERA 1945-PRESENT- FREEWAY ERA

12. 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Expressways

13. 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Expressways

14. 2 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Expressways 1880

15. 2 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Expressways 1880

16. 3 2 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Expressways 3 1880 1920

17. 3 2 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways Expressways 3 ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) 1880 1920

18. 1 Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways ADAM’S MODEL (STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Expressways 2 3 4 1880 1920 1940 1990s

19. URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES MICROSCALE (Intraurban) James Vance defines a new tributary area; URBAN REALMS Single urban structure of the past is transformed into a multicentered model in which several outlying activity concentrations rival the Central Business District (CBD)

20. IDEAL FORM OF MULTICENTERED URBAN REALMS MODEL

22. North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 134-155)