1. The Paleolithic and Neolithic Eras
AP World History
Chapter One
Ms. Tully

3. The Emergence of Humankind
Hominids – mil years – Eastern & Southern Africa  Bipedalism
Larger brains – Tools – Meat
Homo Erectus
Homo Sapiens – 250,000 years ago  Modern Humans
Uniqueness of humans  pros and cons?

4. The Paleolithic Era (2.5 Million BCE – 10,000 BCE)
Hunting & foraging societies
Development of belief systems & culture
Development of technology
Peopling of the Earth

5. The Spread of Human Populations
Where did the human species originate from?
In what part of the world are the most “sites” of humans?

6. The Beginning of Agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution
End of the Ice Age
Domestication of plants and animals
New way of interacting with the environment
New mutual dependence
Slow “revolution”

7. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution
Permanent settlements & population growth
Greater wealth  specializations
New technologies  Iron & Bronze Ages
Environmental transformations
Beginning of inequality
Globalization of Agriculture  diffusion & colonization

8. The Spread of Agriculture
Where are the core areas of agriculture?
Where did specialty agriculture originate from?

9. Catal Huyuk Neolithic settlement in Anatolia
Irrigation & defense  villages
Larger village w/ connected homes

10. Defining Civilization
Civilization  Based on Latin term for city
Economic surpluses
Division of labor
Social hierarchy  social inequalities

11. Defining Civilization
Formal political organization
Continued technological development
Writing, intellectual thought, artistic expression

12. Does the history of civilizations include everyone?
Is “civilization” a synonym for “good”? Have civilizations been beneficial to humans and/or the environment?

13. Mesopotamia – The Birth of Civilization
“Land Between the Rivers”  Fertile Crescent
By 4000 BCE  wheel, bronze & copper metallurgy
By 3500 BCE  Sumerians developed cuneiform (writing)

14. Mesopotamia – The Birth of Civilization
Ziggurats  massive towers  Ishtar
Organized by city-states  Babylon, Ur, Uruk
Sumerians  Akkadians  Babylonians

16. Egyptian Civilization – The Gift of the Nile
Developed along Nile River ca BCE
Unified state under at pharaoh
Dynasty rule  Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom

17. Egyptian Civilization – The Gift of the Nile
3 distinct social classes
Polytheistic belief system with emphasis on afterlife
Writing system  Hieroglyphics & cursive script
Success in mathematics & science

18. Indus River Valley Civilization
Two large cities by 2500 BCE  Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
Evidence of strong ruling class
Major trading centers
Conservative and resistant to innovations
Demise of Harappa  environmental changes, administrative decline, nomadic migrations

19. Early Civilization in China
Civilization developed along Yellow River by 3000 BCE  Xia Dynasty
1500 BCE  Shang established kingdom
Divine monarch w/ feudal system
Emphasis on shamans/oracles  led to writing

20. New Societies in the Middle East
River Valley Civs in decline by 1200 BCE
Phoenicians  Levant, 1300 BCE
Jews  Levant, 1200 BCE