1. Big on Biology
No Bone About It
9-12 Science Std: Bio 8e

2. We have talked about Biodiversity
Interspecies Diversity
Many different species
Increases stability
Increases resiliency
Supports ecosystem
Intraspecies Diversity
Many different traits
Increases stability
Increases resiliency
Supports species

3. We have talked about Natural Selection
Differentiation of Survival and Reproduction
Based on successful traits
If you survive – you can reproduce
Your successful traits are passed on to offspring
Successful traits carried on

4. Which leads to Evolution
Creation of a New Species
Based on traits favored by ecosystem
But did you know……
There are different kinds of evolution
Microevolution
Small Evolution
Small changes in single populations
Like the shape of a bird’s beak

5. Which leads to Evolution
Creation of a New Species
Based on traits favored by ecosystem
But did you know……
There are different kinds of evolution
Macroevolution
Major event
Changes multiple populations

6. We know this has happened
There are fossils
But what is a fossil?

7. What is a fossil? Simple definition:
Fossils are the preserved evidence of ancient life
There are 2 types of fossils:
Trace Fossils
Body Fossils

8. What is a fossil? Body Fossil Fossil of the actual body of an organism
Body of an organism covered by mud and sand
Elements in mud replace organic material
Organic become mineral (rock)

9. What is a fossil? Trace Fossil
Traces of the activities of plants and animals
Footprints or other tracks are covered by mud
Some parts harden into rock
Softer parts wash away

10. We can look at the fossil Record
Divided into eras and periods
Each Era ended with significant event
Lets look at the eras and periods starting with the oldest and working our way up

11. Archean Era Oldest era on Organizer Oldest fossils found here
Mostly bacteria and algae
2.5 Billion to 3.8 billion years ago

12. Proterozoic Era Next era up Primitive aquatic plants
No life found on land
570 Million to 2.5 Billion years ago

13. Paleozoic Era Divided into 7 periods Major changes in organisms
Life starts to come onto the land
Era of great forests that made the fossil fuels
Pangaea comes together during this time

14. Cambrian Period 500 to 570 Million Years Lots of animals in sea
None of them have a backbone
Most look like crabs (trilobites)

15. Ordovician Period 435 to 500 Million Years First signs of fish
Snails start to show

16. Silurian Period 410 to 435 Million Years First plants on land
First animals on land

17. Devonian Period 360 to 410 Million Years
Amphibians start to come on land

18. Mississippian Period 330 to 360 Million Years Sharks start to be seen
Large primitive trees on land

19. Pennsylvanian Period 290 to 330 Million Years Fern forests
Lots of insects
First reptiles

20. Permian Period 240 to 290 Million Years Amphibians grow bigger
Reptiles grow bigger
First major extinction event

21. Mesozoic Era Divided into 3 periods Age of Dinosaurs
Pangaea starts to break up

22. Triassic Period 205 to 240 Million Years Lots of Pine Trees
Different types of reptiles on land and in sea
Sizes of reptiles get bigger

23. Jurassic Period 138 to 205 Million Years First birds and mammals
Lots of dinosaurs
Most well known from movies

24. Cretaceous Period 66 to 138 Million Years First flowering plants
Lots of biodiversity
End of Dinosaurs 65 million years ago

25. Cenozoic Era Divided into 2 periods Age of Mammals
Long term cooling of Earth
More diversity of producers

26. Tertiary Period 1.6 to 66 Million Years Increased diversity of mammals
Rocky Mountains, Alps and Himalayas formed
Apes got bigger

27. Quaternary Period 1.6 Million Years to present day The age of man
Coming out of major ice age
Humans from hominids

28. Questions?