1.  Historical Geology & Paleontology  Earth’s History  A story told in the rock layers  But some chapters are missing  550 millions yrs. Ago to present

2.  Key “Principles” to Reading Earth’s Past  Principle of Uniformity  Principle of Original Horizontality  Principle of Superposition  Principle of Crosscutting Relationships  Principal of Faunal Succession  Index fossils

3.  The Fossil Record  Methods of fossilization  Non-traditional methods  Frozen  Amber  Tar  Mineralization & replacement  Traditional methods  Cast & mold

4.  The Geologic Time Scale (Read from bottom up)  Era (3)  Periods (12)  Epochs (7)

5.  Eras  Cenozoic – recent lifeYoungest  Mesozoic – middle life  Paleozoic – ancient lifeOldest

6.  Periods  Quaternary Youngest  Tertiary  Cretaceous  Jurassic  Triassic  Permian  Pennsylvanian  Mississippian  Devonian  Silurian  Ordovician  Cambrian Oldest

7.  Epochs  RecentYoungest  Pleistocene  Pliocene  Miocene  Oligocene  Eocene  PaleoceneOldest