1. Fructose Intolerance Fructose Fructose-1-P DHAP + Glyceraldehyde ATP ADP Glycogen Glucose-6-P Lack of Pi Allosteric Inhibition by F-1-P F-1,6-BP DHAP G-3-P Glucose Pyruvate 1 o Deficiency: F-1-P Aldolase Effects: F-1-P Pi Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Blood Glucose Reducing sugar ( ) in urine Treatment: Limit Fructose/Sucrose

2. Myocardial Infarction Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA NADH FADH 2 TCA CYCLE CO 2 GLYCOLYSIS O2O2 ADP + Pi ETS ATP H 2 O NADH NAD Lactate Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 1 o Problem- Lack of O 2 Block of aerobic metabolism (ETS) Induction of anaerobic metabolism (Glycolysis) Effects: ATP Creatine Phosphate Glycogen LDH Lactate/Pyruvate NADH/NAD Glycogen

3. Alcohol Abuse EthanolAcetaldehydeAcetate NAD NADH NADH/NAD Effects: NAD requiring reactions/ NADH forming reactions Lactate/Pyruvate Gluconeogenesis Fatty Acid Oxidation Glycerol-3-P Blood Glucose NAD to NADH Reactions: G-3-P to 1,3 BPG (Glycolysis) Lactate to Pyruvate (Glycolysis) Glycerol-3-P to DHAP (Branch of Glycolysis) Many others

4. Glycogen Storage Disease (Type 1) Von Gierke’s Disease Glycogen Glucose-6-P Glucose Pi Glucose-6-P Phosphatase Effects: Glycogen Blood Glucose Free fatty acids Triglycerides Cholesterol Uric Acid Lactate Low Glucose: Glucagon Phosphorylase Activity Glycogen to Glucose-6-P

5. Glucose-6-P Dehydrogenase Glucose-6-P 6-P-GluconateRibulose-5-P NADP NADPH NADP NADPH Effects: NADPH levels Reducing Power GSH/GS-SG Free radical/Peroxides Hemoglogin Hemolytic Anemia Lens NADPH/NADP Glucose-6-P Dehydrogenase CO 2 6-Phosphogluconate DH