1. Clickers: opportunities and challenges Trish Murray, Anthony Rossiter & G. Panoutsos

2. At the beginning of this academic year, all first year Engineering students were given their own “clicker”. These are handsets for electronic voting that support students responding immediately to questions posed by staff in the classroom. Questions can be used most simply to quiz/check specific understanding but they can also be used in more innovative ways as well. In this session we will explore: Key stages in the “clicker” project. How staff are teaching with clickers. Whether clickers change teaching. What students think about clickers. Introduction

3. Questions This session is intended to be interactive, to give participants the opportunity to both contribute and ask questions. Please feel free to ‘interrupt’ at any point. It is not important if we do not complete all the slides. Hard copies are available for those who would find this useful.

4. Which faculty are you in? 1.Engineering 2.Arts & Humanities 3.Medicine, Dentistry & Health 4.Science 5.Social Science 6.International Faculty City College Thessaloniki 7.Not at UoS

5. Are you? 1.Student 2.Staff

6. Have you experience of using clickers? 1.Student: no 2.Student: yes 3.Staff: yes 4.Staff: no

7. The experience of the Faculty of Engineering The “Top-down” perspective

8. Motivation Better teaching > better learning Opportunity to give feedback > enhance NSS scores Raised student expectation in light of 9k/yr –Attendance monitoring

9. (1) Convincing people with money Demos of good practise use (of clickers) to strategic groups: (FLTC & FEB) Reporting of positive experiences by staff Need for students to have individual clickers in order to make usage easy FLTC recommended purchase Implementation plan in place and staffed

10. (2) Convincing staff to adopt Benefit to student learning Easy to use: creating slides –Works with PPT, easy to create slides –Software can be installed on any machine Easy to use: implementation –Software on the Common Desktop Departmental demos of good practice Tailored training, “Help” documentation, circulation of software

11. (3) Implementation Purchasing/procurement/delays Took advice from Medicine CICS: the managed desktop, faculty need Departmental admin help Individualising the clickers –Registration details (for L1 students) Getting them to departments > students Training staff

12. Issues: Staff Cannot get to all students for beginning of term because of individualising with registration details. Not really about creating interactive slides but changing the way you teach i.e. time Initial training focussed on use with PPT; MAC users left out. Use is currently patchy

13. Issues: Students No choice in being given a clicker Asked to pay £30 to replace if lost Expectations! –When lost, is time intensive to replace (given individualising). How often will clickers be replaced (termly)? Expectations! –Raised in being given a clicker and then not met if staff not using them

14. Your opinion…

15. Would you like to see more widespread use of clickers in teaching? 1.Yes 2.No

16. Rank obstacles to uptake in your own department/area (biggest obstacle first). 1.Student reluctance 2.Teaching Staff reluctance 3.Management reluctance 4.Cost 5.Operational support

17. The Staff Perspective…

18. Staff perspectives: Logistics Getting clickers to students took about 30min (once given to us by faculty). A large number of students seem to be bringing them to lectures – perhaps encouraged by regular staff usage. Having to carry the receiver is somewhat irritating as I keep leaving it in the lecture theatre and then having to go back for it. You need to get software put on your computer to prepare questions.

19. Lecture preparation It takes an extra 15-30 minute to prepare a lecture as the question slides need to be carefully thought through, and written. Of course this could be traded off with alternative forms of giving students feedback and the ability to re- use in future years. Sometimes pre-prepared slides for future lectures need to be modified, so I tend to do this on the day or the day before. I don’t include question slides in handouts (to avoid students seeing in advance), so students need to copy by hand if they want a record. However, this does mean having duplicate sets of powerpoint slides.

20. Efficacy As seen by student feedback next, for the most part the questions have been effective in getting student interaction and engagement during lectures. They have also provided good feedback to the lecturer on issues where students are confused, or indeed most students are competent. There is a limit to the potential uses, for example questions with simple yes or no answers. I have not tried more advanced usages, partially due to time pressures and hence stuck with the tried and trusted slide of choose 1 from n options. Quite good for an end of term formative exam to test understanding of class as a whole.

21. EXAMPLES OF USAGE IN LECTURES

22. What is the Laplace transform for 22 1.2/(s-4) + 4/(s-2) 2.4/(s+2) + 2/(s+4) 3.4/(s-4) + 2/(s-2) 4.4/(s+4) + 2/(s+2) 5.Don’t know Demonstrates a common misunderstanding.

23. What is the Laplace transform for 23 1.(s-4)/[(s-4) 2 +5 2 )] 2.(s+4)/[(s+4) 2 +5 2 )] 3.1/(s+4) + 5/[s 2 +5 2 ] 4.(s+5)/[(s+5) 2 +4 2 )] 5.Don’t know Demonstrates something most students cannot do.

24. What is the Laplace transform for 24 1.1/s 2 2.2/s 2 3.2/s 3 4.1/s 3 5.4/s 3 Demonstrates a simple error.

25. f(t) has a Laplace transform 1.G1 2.G2 3.G3 4.G4 5.G5 6.G6 Most of class can do this.

26. Advanced use: Feedback/Curriculum Design Students to provide feedback via clickers Frequency: after each thematic section is over (3-4 lectures) Lecturer responds to feedback directly by: –Providing extra material/guidance/feedback (MOLE) –Adjusting future lectures/content to suit students’ learning needs i.e. repeat examples, highlight topics/key areas etc. Achievements: –Quickly/efficiently assess performance/understanding –‘Tailor’ course delivery to a particular cohort

27. Advanced use: Feedback/Curriculum Design Implementation: –ACS125 (Y1 Engineering, 70 students) –Workload 5mins before each feedback session –To create feedback slide 5mins during the lecture –To allow usage of clickers – discuss with students 15mins after each feedback session –To analyse results and post response on MOLE »If needed: amend/add key points in future lectures

28. Advanced use: Feedback/Curriculum Design

29. Questions don’t have to be just about the understanding of technical content The students’ opinion can also be sought on: –Do they need more feedback on their performance? –Do they need more time to study current content? Revision tutorial? –What type of engineering systems do they want to investigate as part of this module?

30. Advanced use: Feedback/Curriculum Design

31. I would like the last case study of the module to be on:

32. Student perspectives After about 8 weeks of term, the cohort in ACS124 were questionned about their experience of using clickers. The questions were done in a lecture, using clickers, and thus took only 5 min and required no post-processing. SUMMARY: Clickers are effective. I like using them and recommend continued use in later years, but University should provide them.

33. Using clickers in lectures is a good idea and helps my learning 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

34. I find it useful to see how other students in the class have answered 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

35. It forces me to engage with a question before seeing the answer. (e.g. Without clickers I might just wait for the lecturer to show the answer and not try properly.) 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

36. Gives me immediate FEEDBACK on my progress 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

37. It is useful to help me see when I am making a common error, or have misunderstood a key point. 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

38. Does the requirement to return these at the end of the year (or pay to replace) mean you treat the clickers with more respect? 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

39. I would recommend all students purchase their own clicker if the faculty did not provide them. 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

40. 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree I believe clickers are worth the £30 each (and other costs for receivers etc.) the faculty has paid. Please keep doing this.

41. I would like to see the use of clickers carried on into my second year? 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree

42. The University is obliged by the government to do attendance monitoring of students. In a lecture, this is currently done by a signing in sheet. The clickers could perform the same function much more quickly and with less disruption. Would you like to see the clickers used for attendance monitoring? 1.Strongly Agree 2.Agree 3.Neutral 4.Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree