1. OXFORD SUMMER CAMP 2012 A series of Teachers Training Workshops bushra.shahab@oup.com

2. Practice Thinking Through Effective Questioning Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

3. How do children learn? What is relevant to children in the 21st century? Think about- Organisation in the classroom. Noise level. Displays Discuss these points in your groups Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

4. Why ask questions?? Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

5. 1.Why ask questions in the classroom? 2.What makes a good or effective question? 3.Who asks the majority of the questions in your classroom? Why? your classroom? Why? 4.How do you create an environment where 4.How do you create an environment where all students ask and answer questions? all students ask and answer questions? 5.What strategies do you use in the classroom to encourage questioning? Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

6. Focus attention on a topicFocus attention on a topic Direct student thinking in a particular wayDirect student thinking in a particular way Control behaviour of the class or individualsControl behaviour of the class or individuals Challenge studentsChallenge students Reinforce learntReinforce learnt material material Encourage students to be actively engaged in learningEncourage students to be actively engaged in learning Structure or guide the learning of a taskStructure or guide the learning of a task Assess StudentsAssess Students Encourage reflection on learning Gain feedback from students about teachingGain feedback from students about teaching Revision of contentRevision of content Evaluation Evaluation purposes purposes Help students clarify their understandings Help students clarify their understandings Model questioning and thinking Model questioning and thinking Spark further questions Spark further questions Help students make connections Help students make connections Motivate student inquires Motivate student inquires Identify gaps in students’ learning Identify gaps in students’ learning Provide opportunities for student learning through discussion Provide opportunities for student learning through discussion Why ? Excite interest or curiosity Excite interest or curiosity Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

7. How can teachers utilize effective questioning? Plan questions in advance- build up to more challenging Focus on a few carefully constructed open ended questions. Focus on a few carefully constructed open ended questions. Ask one question at a time. Ask one question at a time. Consider the need for think time- Avoid the trap of answering your own questions. Consider the need for think time- Avoid the trap of answering your own questions. Vary questioning strategies e.g. For a change make a provocative statement and wait for a response. Vary questioning strategies e.g. For a change make a provocative statement and wait for a response. Ensure all students have the opportunity to respond to questions by catering for the range of learners in the class. Ensure all students have the opportunity to respond to questions by catering for the range of learners in the class. Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

8.  Use the Y or T chart to explain what a question friendly classroom would be like. (Ask your students the same question) Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

10. How can teachers encourage effective student questions? Introduce different questioning strategies Develop student awareness of different types of questions and the type of thinking required Make time for student questions and celebrating them. Providing positive feedback to student questions Clarify students questions Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

11. Different types of Questions Many types- lets simplify Open questions, Fat questions, Higher order- Invite interpretation, no preconceived response. Closed questions, Skinny questions, Lower order- non-negotiable, recited answer Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

12. Product- Product- What, when and who questions, key ideas and facts Process- Process- How questions associated with procedures and processes. Opinion- Opinion- Why questions consider causal relationships and require explanations. Product, Process and Opinion Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

13. Questions to encourage students to think more deeply Questions that ask for depth Questions that ask for reasoning Questions that ask for clarification What other points need to be taken into consideration? What questions do you need to ask? What are some possible explanations? How do you know? How could you prove this? What have we found out? Do you agree or disagree? When would that happen/ not happen? Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

14. Questions to encourage students to think more deeply Thought provoking questions Questions that ask for reasons Why did you say that? Questions that ask for evaluation of reasons What reasons support that idea? Questions that ask for clarification Is that what you meant? Questions that ask for explanations What are some possible causes? Questions that ask for evidence How could we prove this? Questions that ask for definitions What does that mean? Questions that ask for counter examples When would that not happen? Questions that ask for alternatives What would be a different view? Questions that probe assumptions How do you know that? Questions that ask for consequences and implications What would the consequences be? Questions that ask for connections Do those two ideas agree? Questions that ask for distinctions How is that different from what was said? Questions that ask for questions What questions would be useful to ask? Questions that ask for summary of the content What have you found out? Questions that ask for a summary of the process What did we do well? What could we improve? Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

16. Some strategies and activities for developing effective questioning Wiederholds Q-matrix Creative questioning Stop, think and question The answer is? You are a reporter Wear my shoes or see through my specs All views considered Three Cs and 3 Ps Open and closed questions What’s in the box? The 5 whys Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

17. The question is how come the teacher asks all the questions when I’m the one who needs to know things. The question is why I’m supposed to have the answers to all my parent’s questions when they can’t answer mine. The question is why scientists ask ten questions for every answer they get But I have to answer seven out of ten to pass. The question is why politicians learn not to answer questions while I have to learn to answer them.

18. The question is why questions have to be answered fast at school when philosophers take years to answer them. The question is why are there so many little questions in school when Marie Curie spent her whole life on one big question. The question is why must I find answers to already answered questions when I have questions that have not yet been answered. The question is why can’t I be in charge of the questions?

19. Bushra Shahab-OUP (0332-3799529)

20. For any further inquiry or assistance in modern techniques & teaching methodologies please feel free to contact us: bushra.shahab@oup.com 0332-3799529