1. Elizabeth Mtshali, Mackenzie Goertel, Jeannie Pundor, Valentin Le Besnerais The Beginning The Beginning How Can We Help?

2.  In 1947, the Partition Plan takes place. The Maharaja (Ruler of Kashmir) decides to have new territory become part of India, and not Pakistan.

3. FLASHPOINTS Key points in the Conflict. First Flashpoint Second Flashpoint Third Flashpoint Fourth Flashpoint Fifth Flashpoint Sixth Flashpoint Seventh Flashpoint

4. In 1947, war immediately erupts between Pakistan and India

5. Kashmir, being part of India, granted New Delhi control of the headwaters of the Indus, the lifeline of civilization in modern day Pakistan (since 2600 B.C.)

6. The U.N. arranges a ceasefire and develops a Line of Control in 1949, Pakistan gains control of 1/3 of Kashmir (Azad or Free Kashmir)

7. India remains in control over the other 2/3 of Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) but the territory has a status of “Independent.”

8. The Treaty for sharing the water source began to collapse around 1960 due to population and climate changes in both countries.

9. India annexes Kashmir, causing riots in the Muslim population

10. War erupts again in 1965

11. Since the 1980s, conflict has been occurring in the India controlled region of Kashmir

12. Pakistan argues that this is caused directly from the fact that the Muslim population of Kashmir is simply fighting against the oppressive Indian rule

13. Since the 1980s, conflict has been occurring in the India controlled region of Kashmir India argues that the Kashmir rebellion is a deliberate and organized rebellion financed by the government of Pakistan in order to help them gain sole control of Kashmir

14. Since the 1980s, conflict has been occurring in the India controlled region of Kashmir India believes that Pakistan allowed its militants to cross the Line of Control into India’s part of Kashmir and attack from inside

15. Since the 1980s, conflict has been occurring in the India controlled region of Kashmir Some groups are fighting for Kashmir to become an independent state of its own

16. Since the 1980s, conflict has been occurring in the India controlled region of Kashmir India nor Pakistan support the option of Kashmir’s independence

17. First Case Second Case Third Case

18. When President Bush was in office, he called upon the President of Pakistan, General Musharraf, to stop the invading of their Islamic Militants past the Line of Control

19. The whole world is at risk if Pakistan follows through on its threats of using nuclear weapons if it becomes necessary. They say India has a greater advantage due to its superior military strength and large size.

20. Kashmir and Afghanistan are located adjacent each other. Al- Qaeda has had a lot of their terrorist activity take place in Kashmir, with Pakistan’s support. This “terrorist network” in Kashmir has created a form of terrorist escape route for Al- Qaeda.

21. For the United Nations to consider in Addressing this Conflict:

22.  Pakistan has always chosen this as the best solution to the dispute. However a single vote held in a region where people are culturally, religiously and ethnically diverse, there would be numerous minorities. The Hindus of Jammu, and the Buddhists of Ladakh have never shown any desire to join Pakistan and would protest at the outcome.

23.  This solution would be unlikely to bring stability to the region since the Muslim inhabitants of Pakistani- administered Jammu and Kashmir, including the Northern Areas, have never shown any desire to become part of India

24.  An independent Kashmir could be created from the Kashmir Valley - currently under Indian administration - and the narrow strip of land which Pakistan calls Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This would leave the strategically important regions under the control of Pakistan and India.

25.  Government leaders from Kashmir, India, and Pakistan should meet in a neutral location and discuss a potential compromise for the situation.

26.  The territory of Kashmir should be divided into two equal parts, and given to Pakistan and India respectively. The strategically important regions of the state should also be divided equally amongst Pakistan and India.

27.  http://www.stratfor.com/files/mmf/7/3/7311fc94bd002e2cf680d548088d1514bad e8c02.jpg http://www.stratfor.com/files/mmf/7/3/7311fc94bd002e2cf680d548088d1514bad e8c02.jpg  http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/  http://themoderatevoice.com/wordpress-engine/files/india.pakistan.kargil.jpg http://themoderatevoice.com/wordpress-engine/files/india.pakistan.kargil.jpg  http://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoons/new/504%202002-05- 28%20India%20Pakistan%20education%20war.JPG http://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoons/new/504%202002-05- 28%20India%20Pakistan%20education%20war.JPG  http://www.topnews.in/files/LineOfControl.jpg http://www.topnews.in/files/LineOfControl.jpg  http://www.mirpurbar.com/images/jammu%20kashmir%20map.jpg http://www.mirpurbar.com/images/jammu%20kashmir%20map.jpg  http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QfVWU- 2pVL4/S0AFj549Y8I/AAAAAAAAK6Q/NyrdiXgQISQ/s1600/Authorities%2Bappea led%2Bfor%2Bcalm%2BTuesday%2Bafter%2Ba%2Bbombing%2Bagainst%2Ba %2BShiite%2BMuslim%2Bprocession%2Bkilled%2B43%2Bin%2BPakistan's%2Bl argest%2Bcity%2Bof%2BKarachi,%2Bsetting%2Boff%2Briots%2Band%2Bigniti ng%2Bfears%2Bof%2Bsectarian%2Bunrest..jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QfVWU- 2pVL4/S0AFj549Y8I/AAAAAAAAK6Q/NyrdiXgQISQ/s1600/Authorities%2Bappea led%2Bfor%2Bcalm%2BTuesday%2Bafter%2Ba%2Bbombing%2Bagainst%2Ba %2BShiite%2BMuslim%2Bprocession%2Bkilled%2B43%2Bin%2BPakistan's%2Bl argest%2Bcity%2Bof%2BKarachi,%2Bsetting%2Boff%2Briots%2Band%2Bigniti ng%2Bfears%2Bof%2Bsectarian%2Bunrest..jpg  http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_oHF- qUKh09c/SynqMbvgPrI/AAAAAAAAZ04/tA_kn4fzF5g/s800/1965+India+Pakistan +War+8.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_oHF- qUKh09c/SynqMbvgPrI/AAAAAAAAZ04/tA_kn4fzF5g/s800/1965+India+Pakistan +War+8.jpg  http://armedforces.nic.in/airforce/afkargil/slmpjk.jpg http://armedforces.nic.in/airforce/afkargil/slmpjk.jpg  http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/04/30/bush.jpg http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/04/30/bush.jpg  http://www.weaselzippers.net/.a/6a00e008c6b4e588340115704c7152970b-pi http://www.weaselzippers.net/.a/6a00e008c6b4e588340115704c7152970b-pi  http://www.outlookindia.com/images/kashmir_alqaeda_cd_070613.jpg http://www.outlookindia.com/images/kashmir_alqaeda_cd_070613.jpg