1. A Quick Review of Imperfect and Pluperfect Tense in the Indicative and the Subjunctive

2. To make the imperfect indicative, start with the INFINITIVE Remove the “RE” Then add the appropriate ending: bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant Easy!

3. Well, there is one more little thing. I knew it-there’s always ‘one more little thing’! IF your verb is “-io, ere” or “-io, -ire” (in other words, third “io” or fourth) mark off the ere/ire and add “ie + bam”, or whatever personal ending is needed.

4. The verb can translate several ways that will express progressive action in past time. For example: Amabat can mean “he was loving” “he used to love” “he kept loving”

5. The imperfect subjunctive is even easier!!!! Just take the infinitive and add “m, s, t, mus, tis, nt” as needed.

6. And now, of course, there will be an exception to this ‘easiness’? Of course. We have to deal with DEPONENT VERBS! Their infinitives end with an “i”. We need to convert them to “re” forms, so we just use this little table. “ari” changes to “are’ “eri” changes to “ēre” “i” changes to “ere” “iri” changes to “ire” Then add your ending!

7. Usually, this imperfect subjunctive will translate just as the imperfect indicative did. Amaret still means “he was loving”, “he used to love”, or “he kept loving”. The difference is that it is NOT your main verb.

8. We will talk later about special translations of the imperfect subjunctive! Of course we will! Now, on to the PLUPERFECT!

9. The pluperfect REALLY is easy!! There are NO exceptions!!! One size REALLY fits all! We’ll see. Convince me

10. For the pluperfect indicative, take the 3rd part, take off the “i” and add “era” plus “m, s, t, mus, tis, nt”. In other words, use the perfect stem plus a form of “eram”. All pluperfect active forms start with the 3rd Principal Part.

11. For the pluperfect subjunctive, use the 3rd part and add “sse” plus one of the personal endings. (m, s, you know) In other words, add the personal ending to the PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE! That IS easy!!!!

12. Translate the pluperfect with the helping word “had”. Amaverat= he had loved Amavisset =he had loved (but this won’t be a main verb) Special situations will be explained later!

13. So, have you got it? Of course!

14. Try forming these. Then check the next slide for the correct answers.. 1. He was escaping-Ind 2. He was escaping- Subj 3. He had escaped- Ind 4. He had escaped- Subj.

15. 1. Evadebat 2. Evaderet 3. Evaserat 4. Evasisset Woo Hoo! I’m a genius!!!!!! Of course you are!

16. Now, go to your quia account and log in to session HWA26 to complete and submit your assignment.