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THE LATIN VERB The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - I-form of Present tense - Infinitive (from which the other forms.

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Presentation on theme: "THE LATIN VERB The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - I-form of Present tense - Infinitive (from which the other forms."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE LATIN VERB The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - I-form of Present tense - Infinitive (from which the other forms of the Present and also the Imperfect and Future are formed) - I-form of Perfect (from which the other forms of the Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect are formed) - Past Participle (from which the Passive Perfect, Past Perfect and Future Perfect are formed)

2 EXAMPLES OF DICTIONARY ENTRIES amō-āre-āv ī -ātumlove moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn videō -ērevīdī visumsee vincō -erevīcī victumconquer audiō-īre-īvī -ītumhear, listen capiō -erecēp ī captumcapture Notice that to save space, some dictionaries do not repeat the letters before the ending if they do not change in the other parts of the verb.

3 PRESENT TENSE The endings in nearly all verbs are: –ō (I) –s (you –singular) –t (he/she/it) –mus(we) –tis(you –plural) –nt(they) The endings are normally linked to the verb by the signature vowel for each conjugation

4 These endings survive in modern Italian, but with changes The Italian endings are: –o –i –a or e –iamo –ate or ete or ite –ono

5 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -are amō

6 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -are amō amās

7 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amō amās amat

8 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amō amās amat amāmus

9 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amō amās amat amāmus amātis

10 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amō amās amat amāmus amātis amant

11 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre moneō

12 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre moneō monēs

13 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre moneō monēs monet

14 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre moneō monēs monet monēmus

15 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre moneō monēs monet monēmus monētis

16 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre moneō monēs monet monēmus monētis monent

17 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere regō

18 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere regō regis

19 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere regō regis regit

20 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere regō regis regit regimus

21 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere regō regis regit regimus regitis

22 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere regō regis regit regimus regitis regunt

23 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre audiō

24 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre audiō audīs

25 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre audiō audīs audit

26 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre audiō audīs audit audīmus

27 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis

28 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis audiunt

29 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere capiō

30 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere capiō capis

31 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere capiō capis capit

32 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere capiō capis capit capimus

33 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere capiō capis capit capimus capitis

34 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere capiō capis capit capimus capitis capiunt

35 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be) sum

36 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be) sum es

37 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be) sum es est

38 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be) sum es est sumus

39 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be) sum es est sumus estis

40 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be) sum es est sumus estis sunt

41 Imperfect Tense Verbs in – āre: -ābam - ābās –ābat –ābāmus - ābātis -ābant Verbs in – ēre and most verbs in – ere: -ēbam - ēbās –ēbat –ēbāmus - ēbātis - ēbant Verbs with –iō ending for I-form in Present (including all with infinitive in –īre and a few with infinitive in –ere) -iēbam - iēbās –iēbat –iēbāmus - iēbātis - iēbant The verb esse has the forms eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant

42 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābam

43 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābam amābās

44 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābam amābās amābat

45 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābam amābās amābat amābāmus

46 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābam amābās amābat amābāmus amābātis

47 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābam amābās amābat amābāmus amābātis amābant

48 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbam

49 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre monēbam monēbās

50 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre monēbam monēbās monēbat

51 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus

52 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus monēbātis

53 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus monēbātis monēbant

54 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regēbam

55 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regēbam regēbās

56 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regēbam regēbās regēbat

57 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regēbam regēbās regēbat regēbāmus

58 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regēbam regēbās regēbat regēbāmus regēbātis

59 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regēbam regēbās regēbat regēbāmus regēbātis regēbant

60 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō capiēbam

61 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō capiēbam capiēbās

62 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat

63 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus

64 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus capiēbātis

65 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus capiēbātis capiēbant

66 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse eram

67 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse eram erās

68 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse eram erās erat

69 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse eram erās erat erāmus

70 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse eram erās erat erāmus erātis

71 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant

72 Future Tense Verbs in – āre and – ēre use signature vowel plus `b’: -ā/ēbō - ā/ēbis –ā/ēbit –ā/ēbimus - ā/ēbitis -ā/ēbunt Verbs in –ere and -īre add different endings. If they have the ending `-io’ in the present tense (as in the 4th and `3.5th’ group) there is an `i’ before each future ending) -(i)am - (i)ēs –(i)et –(i)ēmus - (i)ētis - (i)ent The verb esse has the forms erō eris erit erimus eritis erunt

73 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābō

74 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābō amābis

75 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābō amābis amābit

76 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābō amābis amābit amābimus

77 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābō amābis amābit amābimus amābitis

78 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre amābō amābis amābit amābimus amābitis amābunt

79 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbō

80 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbō monēbis

81 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbō monēbis monēbit

82 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus

83 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus monēbitis

84 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus monēbitis monēbunt

85 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regam

86 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regam regēs

87 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regam regēs reget

88 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regam regēs reget regēmus

89 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regam regēs reget regēmus regētis

90 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere regam regēs reget regēmus regētis regent

91 Future Tense - verbs in –iō capiam

92 Future Tense - verbs in –iō capiam capiēs

93 Future Tense - verbs in –iō capiam capiēs capiet

94 Future Tense - verbs in –iō capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus

95 Future Tense - verbs in –iō capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus capiētis

96 Future Tense - verbs in –iō capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus capiētis capient

97 Future Tense – the verb esse erō

98 Future Tense – the verb esse erō eris

99 Future Tense – the verb esse erō eris erit

100 Future Tense – the verb esse erō eris erit erimus

101 Future Tense – the verb esse erō eris erit erimus eritis

102 Future Tense – the verb esse erō eris erit erimus eritis erunt

103 PERFECT TENSE Formed by the perfect base (seen in the second part of the verb in a dictionary) and the endings: -ī-imus -istī-istis -it-ērunt

104 PERFECT OF amō-āre-āvī-ātumlove amāvī

105 PERFECT OF amō-āre-āvī-ātumlove amāvī amāvistī

106 PERFECT OF amō-āre-āvī-ātumlove amāvī amāvistī amāvit

107 PERFECT OF amō-āre-āvī-ātumlove amāvī amāvistī amāvit amāvimus

108 PERFECT OF amō-āre-āvī-ātumlove amāvī amāvistī amāvit amāvimus amāvistis

109 PERFECT OF amō-āre-āvī-ātumlove amāvī amāvistī amāvit amāvimus amāvistis amāvērunt

110 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuī

111 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuī monuistī

112 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuī monuistī monuit

113 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuī monuistī monuit monuimus

114 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuī monuistī monuit monuimus monuistis

115 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuī monuistī monuit monuimus monuistis monuērunt

116 PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcīvīcī

117 vīcī vīcistī

118 PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcī vīcistī vīcit

119 PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcī vīcistī vīcit vīcimus

120 PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcī vīcistī vīcit vīcimus vīcistis

121 PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcī vīcistī vīcit vīcimus vīcistis vīcērunt

122 PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīvī

123 PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīvī audīvistī

124 PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīvī audīvistī audīvit

125 PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīvī audīvistī audīvit audīvimus

126 PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīvī audīvistī audīvit audīvimus audīvistis

127 PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīvī audīvistī audīvit audīvimus audīvistis audīvērunt

128 PERFECT OF sum essefuī be fuī

129 PERFECT OF sum essefuī be fuī fuistī

130 PERFECT OF sum essefuī be fuī fuistī fuit

131 PERFECT OF sum essefuī be fuī fuistī fuit fuimus

132 PERFECT OF sum essefuī be fuī fuistī fuit fuimus fuistis

133 PERFECT OF sum essefuī be fuī fuistī fuit fuimus fuistis fuērunt

134 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāveram

135 PAST PERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāveram amāverās

136 PAST PERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāveram amāverās amāverat

137 PAST PERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāveram amāverās amāverat amāverāmus

138 PAST PERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāveram amāverās amāverat amāverāmus amāverātis

139 PAST PERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāveram amāverās amāverat amāverāmus amāverātis amāverant

140 PAST PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monueram

141 PAST PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -ītumwarn monueram monuerās

142 PAST PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monueram monuerās monuerat

143 PAST PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monueram monuerās monuerat monuerāmus

144 PAST PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monueram monuerās monuerat monuerāmus monuerātis

145 PAST PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monueram monuerās monuerat monuerāmus monuerātis monuerant

146 PAST PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīceram

147 PAST PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīceram vīcerās

148 PAST PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīceram vīcerās vīcerat

149 PAST PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīceram vīcerās vīcerat vīcerāmus

150 PAST PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīceram vīcerās vīcerat vīcerāmus vīcerātis

151 PAST PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīceram vīcerās vīcerat vīcerāmus vīcerātis vīcerant

152 PAST PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīveram

153 PAST PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīveram audīverās

154 PAST PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīveram audīverās audīverat

155 PAST PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīveram audīverās audīverat audīverāmus

156 PAST PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīveram audīverās audīverat audīverāmus audīverātis

157 PAST PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīveram audīverās audīverat audīverāmus audīverātis audīverant

158 PAST PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fueram

159 PAST PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fueram fuerās

160 PAST PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fueram fuerās fuerat

161 PAST PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus

162 PAST PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus fuerātis

163 PAST PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus fuerātis fuerant

164 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāverō

165 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāverō amāveris

166 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāverō amāveris amāverit

167 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus

168 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus amāveritis

169 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō-āre-āvi-ātumlove amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus amāveritis amāverint

170 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuerō

171 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuerō monueris

172 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuerō monueris monuerit

173 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuerō monueris monuerit monuerimus

174 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuerō monueris monuerit monuerimus monueritis

175 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre-uī -itumwarn monuerō monueris monuerit monuerimus monueritis monuerint

176 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcerō

177 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcerō vīceris

178 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcerō vīceris vīcerit

179 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcerō vīceris vīcerit vīcerimus

180 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcerō vīceris vīcerit vīcerimus vīceritis vīcerint

181 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -erevīcī victumconquer vīcerō vīceris vīcerit vīcerimus vīceritis vīcerint

182 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīverō

183 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīverō audīveris

184 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīverō audīveris audīverit

185 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīverō audīveris audīverit audīverimus

186 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīverō audīveris audīverit audīverimus audīveritis

187 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre-īvī -ītum hear audīverō audīveris audīverit audīverimus audīveritis audīverint

188 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fuerō

189 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fuerō fueris

190 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fuerō fueris fuerit

191 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fuerō fueris fuerit fuerimus

192 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fuerō fueris fuerit fuerimus fueritis

193 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be fuerō fueris fuerit fuerimus fueritis fuerint


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