1. Market Structure Market Structure (Types of Competition)

2. LessonLesson Market Characteristic Understand different types of competition

3. Markets Some examples 1) Local markets The market of houses in Oskemen city 2) Regional markets The market of human resources in the East Kazakhstan 3) National markets The market of oil in Kazakhstan 4) International markets The market of foreign exchange in the world. Competition and Business - Competition and market

4. Market Structure Market structure is established by the way in which goods and services are supplied by firms in a particular market

5. Market Structure More competitive (fewer imperfections) Perfect Competition Pure Monopoly

6. Less competitive (more imperfections) Pure Monopoly Perfect Competition Market Structure

7. Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Monopoly The further right on the scale, the greater the degree of monopoly power exercised by the firm. Pure Monopoly Perfect Competition

8. Market Structure

9. Perfect Competition (local shops) – retail (sellers) Imperfect Competition (Monopolistic producers) Very similar product, (example: Coca cola and Pepsi cola) Oligopoly(producers) larger companies, eg airlines Monopoly(producers) one very large company, eg OPEC 4 Types of Market Structure

10. 1. Perfect Competition/Pure A market structure where there are large number of buyers and sellers selling homogenous (things that are identical in nature) products is called perfect competition. More Competition Less Competition

11. Characteristics of perfect competition are: 1. All firms sell an identical product 2. Very large number of buyers and sellers 3. No individual firm has any influence on market price 4. Firms are described as ‘price takers’ – price is set by supply and demand. 5. All firms have a relatively small market share 6. The industry is characterized by freedom of entry and exit 1. Perfect Competition – local markets (sellers)

12. For example, in a perfectly competitive market, if a single business decides to increase its selling price of a good, the consumers can just turn to the nearest competitor for a better price, causing any firm that increases its prices to lose market share and profits.

13. 2. Monopolistic Competition (imperfect competition) It is a type of market structure where there are large number of buyers and sellers, selling similar products. This is close to Perfect Competition because of the large number of competing suppliers.

14. 2.Monopolistic Competition (imperfect competition) Characteristics of Monopolistic competition are: 1. All firms sell/produce similar product, yet not perfectly substitutable products. Example: Clothing, Shoes. 2. Large number of buyers and sellers 3. Firms are described as ‘price makers’ – price is set by supply and demand. 4. Their products are relatively price elastic because of similar products available.

15. Monopolistic Competition Are these shampoos/conditioners different? Pantene $14.50Frederic Fekkai $54

16. Monopolistic Competition Are these mascaras different? Maybelline Sisley $4$43

17. Examples of Monopolistic (Imperfect competition) would be Coke and Pepsi also merchandising firms of all types selling products such as shoes, shirts, TV's, groceries, Dishwashing Powder, Toothpaste, Soft Drinks

18. 3.Oligopoly (more intense competition than Monopolistic) Oligopoly is a market situation in which a particular market is controlled by a small group of firms and they have intense competition among them. For example: telecommunications companies (Tele2, Active, Beeline), (mobile phones), Airlines. In an oligopoly, there are at least two firms controlling the market.

19. Characteristics of Oligopoly are: 1.Market is dominated (overpowered or controlled) by a few firms; 2.Intense competition; 3.There is a lot of price competition; 4.Homogeneous (similar) products. 3.Oligopoly More CompetitionLess Competition

20. Oligopoly iPod Zune

21. Toyota Scion Lexus

22. Chrysler Jeep Dodge

23. General Motors Chevrolet Buick Pontiac GMC Saturn Hummer SAAB Cadillac

24. 4. Monopoly Monopoly is a market structure where there is a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a product which has no close substitutes. By definition, monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition - which often results in high prices and inferior products

25. Few characteristics of monopoly are: 1.Single seller 2.No close substitutes 3.Price discrimination 4.Price maker 5.Closed entry 4. Monopoly One seller dominates the market with no close substitutes More CompetitionLess Competition

26. This is a single firm which controls the entire output of an industry. Very few companies in the world are Monopolies. 1.It is exactly opposite to perfect competition 2.They are usually large multi-national companies like OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) but they can exist where a relatively small firm dominates a local market 4. Monopoly

27. Monopoly Natural Monopoly - efficient production by a single supplier

28. Monopoly Geographic Monopoly - small town

29. Monopoly 1.Technological Monopoly - new invention – Patent: exclusive right for 17 years Segway

30. Monopoly 1.Technological Monopoly - new invention – Copyright: lifetime + 50 years This telecast is copyrighted by the NFL for the private use of our audience. Any other use of this telecast or of any pictures, descriptions, or accounts of the game without the NFL’s consent, is prohibited.

31. Monopoly 1.Government Monopoly - government owned businesses