1. ESPAÑOL O INGLÉS
COGNATES

2. WHAT IS A COGNATE?
A word in two languages that is similar in meaning and most of the time similar in spelling too.

3. How do cognates help you learn another language?
Cognates help you to build your vocabulary.
Improve your reading skills.
Improve your listening and reading comprehension.
Help you to understand a conversation.

4. CATEGORIES There are different categories of cognates.
I divided them into sixteen categories.
Sometimes you need to make slightly changes in spelling to translate your words into Spanish.
You will see how many words you already know in Spanish. You are going be amazed!

5. CATEGORY I
The first and easiest category is made up of words that end in OR. These words are most of the time identical in English and Spanish.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
The doctor
The actor
The interior
El doctor
El actor
El interior

6. CATEGORY II
There is also a category of words that end in AL, these words are also most of the time identical.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Animal Animal
Musical músical
Rural rural
Special especial
Legal legal

7. CATEGORY III
In this category the words end in BLE. These are also identical in Spanish and English.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Cable Cable
Possible posible
Flexible flexible
Visible visible
Horrible horrible
Terrible terrible
Note that these words are stress on the next to the last syllabe.

8. CATEGORY IV These category is made up of words that end in
IC in English. To change them in to Spanish you add “O”
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Public Público
Atlantic Atlántico
Artistic Artístico
Democratic democrático
For excellent pronunciation stress the syllable with the written accent mark.

9. CATEGORY V These category is made up of words that end in
TOR in English. To change them in to Spanish you change “TOR” for “DOR”
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Acelerator Acelerador
Generator Generador
Educator Educador
Dictator Dictador

10. CATEGORY VI President presidente Excellent excelente
Another large category is made up of words that end in “ENT” or “ANT” If you simply add and “E” to these word, they instantly become Spanish words.
INGLES ENT ESPAÑOL
President presidente
Excellent excelente
Intelligent inteligente
Different diferente
These words are accented on the next to the last syllable. Example: inteli-GEN-te

11. ANT INGLES ESPAÑOL Important Importante Elephant elefante
Consonant consonante
Restaurant restaurante
Significant significante
Abundant abundante

12. CATEGORY VII
Some words that end in “IST” in English are very easy to convert into Spanish, you just need to add an “A” to them.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Pianist Pianista
Capitalist capitalista
Artist artista
Optimist optimista
Novelist novelista
Oculist oculista

13. CATEGORY VIII
It is very easy to convert adjectives that end in “OUS” in English into Spanish. You just need to change the ending to “OSO”
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Furious furioso
Famous famoso
Religious religioso
Ambitious ambicioso
Curious curioso

14. CATEGORY IX
Words that end in “TION” are translate into Spanish with the ending “CION.”
T changes to C
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Civilization civilización
Constitution constitución
Generation generación
Invitation invitación
Institution institución
Construction construcción

15. CATEGORY X
You can convert many English words that end in “TY” into Spanish by changing the “TY” to “DAD”.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Curiosity curiosidad
Electricity electricidad
City ciudad
Personality personalidad
Variety variedad
Community comunidad
Humanity humanidad

16. CATEGORY XI
You can convert many English words that end in “RY” into Spanish by changing the “RY” to “RIO”.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Adversary adversario
Anniversary Aniversario
Dictionary Diccionario
Salary salario
Laboratory laboratorio
Literary literario
Voluntary Voluntario

17. CATEGORY XII
You can convert many English words that end in “EM,’’ AM, OM into Spanish by adding the letter A.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Program programa
telegram telegrama
diagram Diagrama
system sistema
Problem problema

18. CATEGORY XIII
You can convert many English words that end in “CE” into Spanish by changing CE to CIA.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Independence Indepenencia
Indifference Indiferencia
Exprerience Experiencia
France Francia

19. CATEGORY XIV
You can convert many English words that end in “CE” into Spanish by changing CY to CIA.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Democracy Democracia
Emergency Emergencia
Urgency Urgencia

20. CATEGORY XV
Some words that end in “IN” or “INE” in English end in “INA” in Spanish.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Medicine Medicina
Discipline Disciplina
Gasoline Gasolina
Doctrine Doctrina
Routine Routina

21. CATEGORY XVI Activo Atractivo Efectivo
Some words that end in “IVE” in English end in “IVO” in Spanish.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Active
attractive
effective
Activo
Atractivo
Efectivo

22. CATEGORY XVII
Some words that end in “CAL” in English end in “CO” in Spanish.
INGLES ESPAÑOL
Identical idéntico
Economical Económico
Technical Técnico Practical Práctico

23. GROUP ACTIVITY Groups of THREE.
You are going to design a WORD WALL on the wall outside the classroom.
Find at least 10 words according to the category the teacher is going to assign you.
Make a nice, neat and colorful poster of your word. (10 PER GROUP) USING WHITE POSTER BOARD.
One group will be in charge also of making a nice title for the wall. IT CAN BE GUESS INGLES OR ESPANOL? FIND THE WORD.