1. Growth of Russia Mongolian influence Ivan’s Time of Troubles Romanov’s
Western or Not Western

2. The famous St. Basil's Cathedral was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible and built on the edge of Red Square between 1555 and Legend has it that on completion of the church the Tsar ordered the architect, Postnik Yakovlev, to be blinded to prevent him from ever creating anything to rival its beauty again. (He did in fact go on to build another cathedral in Vladimir despite his ocular impediment!) The cathedral was built to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's successful military campaign against the Tartar Mongols in 1552 in the besieged city of Kazan. Victory came on the feast day of the Intercession of the Virgin, so the Tsar chose to name his new church the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat, after the moat that ran beside the Kremlin. The church was given the nickname "St. Basil's" after the "holy fool" Basil the Blessed ( ), who was hugely popular at that time with the Muscovites masses and even with Ivan the Terrible himself. St. Basil's was built on the site of the earlier Trinity Cathedral, which at one point gave its name to the neighboring square.

3. Rise and Fall of the Russian Empire
Russia and its Neighbors:
An Historical Approach to Contemporary Problems
Rise and Fall of the Russian Empire
Ancient Peoples and Early Centers ( )
Kievan Rus
Novgorod
Muscovy
Under Mongol Rule – the Golden Horde
Rule from the Steppe ( )
Tribute of the boyars
The Muscovite Era and Growth of the Russian Empire
Impact of the Romanov Family ( )
Revolution and the End of the Monarchy

4. Under Mongol Rule:
( )
Mongol Empire
Ghengis Khan
The Golden Hoard of the Mongol Empire

5. Territorial Shift Much of the territory added to Russia was Asian
Partially because they wished to create a buffer zone from the Mongolians
The political center of Russia shifted from Novgorod and Kiev to the Duchy of Moscow
Later under Peter the Great their was a cultural shift to the “window to the west”

6. Impact of Mongolians Military tactics and organization
Development of trade routes.
Postal road network
Census
Fiscal system
Eastern influence remained strong well until the 18th century, when Russian rulers made a conscious effort to Westernize their country.

7. The Muscovite Era and Growth of the Russian Empire:
Late 1400s-Early 1500s
Ivan III "The Great"

8. The Cossacks Expand Across Siberia: Late 1500s to mid 1600s

9. Impact of shift Russians sent Cossacks to hold the newly acquired land
Cossacks were peasants who migrated to these new areas
Trade from China was refocused through Russia

10. Russian progress Ivan III wrested Russia from Mongolian control
Russia was mostly an agrarian civilization (95% until 1800s)
The power of the boyars differed from the aristocracy in the west in that they continued to use coercive labor systems and wield power over the serfs with the Bashina and obrok until after 1917
Russian serfdom became hereditary in 1649
Ivan the Great (III) declared that Russia had become the “third Rome” , inheriting the claim from the declining Byzantine Empire (defeat to the Ottoman’s in 1452)
Ivan IV (terrible )) tried to solidify Russian authority by controlling the boyars
Following his death there was a period of unrest known as the “Time of Troubles” resulting in the Romanov dynasty coming to power
It wasn’t until 1770’s until the Pugachev rebellion that there was any dissension
Many of the peasants identified their culture and political asperasions with this rebellion

11. Ivan IV "The Terrible"
( )
Ivan killed his son Ivan
Fedor the Simple
Boris Gudinov

12. Autocrats Michael was the first Romanov
He was able to establish some stability but did not re-establish the autocracy of the emperor or czar
He expanded into the Ukraine and re-united Kiev with the rest of Russia
He waged a successful war against Poland

13. While others were reforming…
Alexis was able to re-establish the power of the czar by outlawing assemblies of the boyars
He also re-organized the Orthodox Church
Those who would not reform were called the Old believers and many were exiled to Siberia for their conservative views

14. What was the nature of early Russian expansion under the Ivans
Early expansion focused on central Asia
Need to drive Mongols farther from Russia
Extended to Ural Mountains on west and Caspian Sea to the south
Recruited peasants to migrate to newly conquered territories
Served both agricultural and military purposes-Cossacks
New territories similar to Western colonialism, became economically dependent on Russia
Eliminated independent central Asia as source of nomadic invasions
Incorporated many ethnic and religious groups into empire

15. Growth of the Russian Empire: The Romanovs
Peter Romanov
"The Great"

16. In what way did Peter the Great reform the economy and government of Russia through Westernization
built up metallurgical and mining industries
primary purpose was to make military technology, remain independent of West
supplied industries with cheap labor source from serfs.
Politics: seized on absolutist forms of government in West
organized military along Western lines
built navy
completed destruction of noble councils
provincial governors appointed from center
rationalized law codes
new tax system installed
Basically streamlined the bureaucracy and reorganized the military
His wars with Sweden and the Ottoman Empire indicated a shift from Asian expansion

17. Czarina Catherine the Great
Growth of the Russian Empire: The Romanovs
Czarina Catherine the Great

18. Focus in the Nineteenth Century: Central Asia and Far East

19. Grand Duchy of Muscovy (Czar Ivan the Terrible - 1547-1584)

20. (Czar Peter the Great- 1682-1725) Western Orientation - St Petersburg

21. Czarina Catherine the Great (1760-1796) Expands south and east

23. Percent of the Population Non-Russian in Russia

24. Peter the Great: Catherine the Great:
In what ways were the policies of Westernization undertaken by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great more appearance than substance
Peter the Great:
cultural changes only affected elite
no attempt to extend reforms to masses
economic reforms significant, but no attempt to establish exporting industries, only interested in military technology.
Catherine the Great:
interested in French Enlightenment, but introduced no meaningful reform along Enlightenment lines
no attempt to cure problems of coercive labor system
legal system actually made harsher
nobility given almost absolute control over masses
government lost contact with serfs in return for aristocratic government service.

25. Dominance of the nobility greater than in West
What were the primary differences by the eighteenth century between Russia and the West?
Dominance of the nobility greater than in West
dependent on increasingly coercive system of serfdom as West was developing different labor patterns
by 1649 serfdom was a hereditary caste
failure of urbanization
lack of substantial merchant class left state in control of capitalizing industrial development
remained almost entirely agricultural
could not avoid dependence on West.

26. Eastern Europe Triest – Elbe line Weaker centralized governments
Coercive labor systems
Hungary – 95% agrarian through 1800s
Poland – Partition of Poland

27. Peter the Great’s map

28. Timer Lane’s Empire