2. Overview  Byzantine formed after German invaders took over west of Roman Empire  Constantinople was built  Justinian (famous emperor) created Justian’s Code  Schism between Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches  Byzantine Empire fell in the 1400s  Russia began in present day Ukraine  Kiev became center of trade  Mongols cut Russia off from Western Europe  Mongols defeated; Ivan the Great ruled as czar  Russia carried on tradition of extreme power with Ivan the Terrible  Many new kingdoms and cultures came to Russia  Ottoman Turks took control of southeastern Europe

3. WAIT! …you might want to know this  Schism – permanent split  Between Greek Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church  Czar – Russian word for Caesar  Ivan the Great took this title  Ethnic group – large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage  Eastern Europe had no denominational ethnic group  Serf – lowest level of workers in medieval Europe

4. - wealthiest nation in Europe and Western Asia from A.D 500 to A.D 1200 - defended by a mobile specialized army - Constantinople was divided into 14 sections

5.  After the fall of the Rome, Europe divided into 2 civilizations  West – medieval civilization  East – Byzantine Empire  German invaders caused emperors to move base to eastern Medditerranean  Emperor Constantine rebuilt Byzantium to Constantinople  Thrived in Middle ages, trade routes linked Europe and Asia  Eventually the eastern Roman empire became known as Byzantine

6.  Justinian was Byzantines most famous emperor  Ruled from 527 – 565  Aided by wife Theodora  Set up quest to collect law of ancient Rome, which later became known as Justinian’s Code  Reached Western Europe by 1100s  Influenced laws and principals of Roman Catholic Church and medieval monarchs  Spread heritage of Roman law

7.  Division grew between Byzantine Christians and Roman Catholics  Emperor controlled Church affairs; rejected pope to have authority over Christians  Byzantine clergy retained the right to marry  By 1054, a schism separated Eastern Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches  Empire began to decline  Constantinople fell in 1453  Istanbul (ancient Christian City) became center of Muslim culture

8.  Byzantine thrived for 1000 years  Blended Greek science with Christianity  Philosophy, arts, literature  Expanded on Roman achievements in engineering and law  Greek Scholars left Constantinople to teach elsewhere  Italian universities  Took Greek manuscripts to the West  Contributed Greek knowledge to European Culture  Aka, the Renaissance

9.  What was name of Eastern Roman Empire?  Byzantine Empire  What was the church called of that empire?  Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church  Who created a code of laws that we base our laws off today?  Justinian!  What is a schism?  Permanent split

10. - Collection of cities that eventually formed into an empire - Ivan the Terrible divided Russia into two parts – and kept one for himself - Kiev united with a city called Novgorod

11.  Began in present day Ukraine  Slavs moved into into southern Russia during Roman Times  Vikings traveling on Russian rivers during the 700s and 800s contributed from the Slavs  Vikings traded with Constantinople  Kiev became center of first Russian state  Major trade center  Trade brought Byzantine influence to Russian  Byzantine missionaries brought Byzantine culture to Russia  Greek alphabet – written language (863)  Art, music, architecture

12.  Mongols from Asia overran land from China to Eastern Europe  1200s  Fierce conquerors, but tolerant rulers  Mongol rule cut Russia off from Western Europe at a bad time  Europe was making fast advances in arts and sciences

13.  Princes of Moscow gained power and defeated Mongols  Ivan the III (Ivan the Great) ruled Russia from 1462 – 1505  Took title of czar (Russian for Caesar)  Built frame work for absolute rule, very successful  Ivan IV (Ivan the Great’s grandson) centralized power even more  Cut privileges of nobles and bound serfs to the land  Started tradition of extreme absolute power  Earned title of “Ivan the Terrible”

14.  Name of trading center in the first Russian state? (present day Ukraine)  Kiev  Who invaded Russia in the West and influenced absolute rule?  Mongols  What is a czar?  Russian word for Caesar  What was Ivan IV known as?  Ivan the Terrible

15.  No single ethnic group  Slavs from Russia, Asian peoples, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, Magyars, and Germans  Byzantine missionaries carried on Eastern Orthodox Christianity throughout Balkans  German knights carried on Roman Catholic Christianity  Eastern Europe became refuge for Jewish settlers  Western European Christians prosecuted them

16.  Many new kingdoms/small states arose  Poland battled Germans, Russians, and Mongols to survive  Magyars of Hungary controlled parts of present- day Slovakia and Romania  1500s, Ottoman Turks ruled over southeastern Europe

17.  www.middle-ages.org.uk/serfs.htm www.middle-ages.org.uk/serfs.htm  http://www.kidspast.com/world- history/0142-byzantine-empire.php http://www.kidspast.com/world- history/0142-byzantine-empire.php  http://www.guidetorussia.com/ivan-the- terrible.asp