1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA APEH, chapter 16

2. Russia becomes sovereign

3. Russia

4. Ivan IV  TERRIBLE!

5. Russia  “Time of Troubles” many rulers because of lack of heir  1613: Michael Romanov crowned czar

6. Russia  Russia dominated by landed aristocrats  Abundance of land, shortage of peasants made serfdom ideal for nobles  Bound peasants to the land  Merchants not allowed to move from cities

7. RUSSIA PPeter I 11682: became czar as child, sister ruled until he was 17 66’9, coarse and crude 11697-1698: traveled west in disguise Realized Russia was backward Introduced reforms and Western ideals LLabored side-by-side with thousands of carpenters building a navy

8. Peter the Great’s Reforms  Reorganized the government  1711: creates Senate to supervise administration while he is away on military campaigns  Creates boards of administrations for specific functions Foreign affairs, war, justice  Divided Russia into fifty provinces  1722: Table of Ranks- creates opportunities for non-nobles to serve and join nobility Nobility based on merit?!  Tried to adopt mercantilism but large military required raising taxes

9. Peter the Great’s Reforms PPeter’s main goal at Westernization was to make Russia a military power ““window to the West” – port easily accessible to West BBaltic Sea only option – controlled by Sweden GGreat Northern War (1701-1721) PPeace of Nystadt- Russia acquired Estonia, Livonia, Karelia; Sweden became second rate power PPeter built St. Petersburg on Baltic Charles XII

10. “English Embankment,” St. Petersburg, Russia

11. Palace Square, St. Petersburg

12. Church of the Savior on Spilt Blood, St. Petersburg, Russia