1. General Geology - GEOL 1113 Instructor: Dr. Glen S. Mattioli, Professor Office: Ozark Hall 27B Office Hours: MWF 10:30 - 11:30 AM Office Phone: 575-7295 Class Web Page: http://comp.uark.edu/~mattioli/geol_1113.html Email: mattioli@uark.edu

2. 2006 Exams, Syllabus, and Grading Class Purpose: To introduce undergraduate students to physical geology, Earth’s internal structure and materials, and Geologic Time. Emphasis will be on developing close connections between Earth materials and processes within a Plate Tectonic framework. Four 1 Hour Examinations and Comprehensive Final Part I - Rocks and Minerals: Fri. Sept. 22nd Part II - Geologic Time and Surface Processes: Fri. Oct. 20th Part III - Deformation, Earthquakes, & Earth Structure: Mon. Nov. 13th Part IV - The Big Picture: Tectonics & Orogenesis: Fri. Dec. 1st FINAL - Saturday, December 9th, 7:30-9:30 AM

3. Grades and Grading

4. Physical Geology, 11/e Charles C. Plummer California State University at Sacramento Diane H. Carlson California State University at Sacramento The Late David McGeary Emeritus of California State University at Sacramento Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Required Text

5. Chapter 1 Introduction to Physical Geology

6. Why Study Geology? Mitigating Geologic Hazards –Earthquakes –Volcanoes Supplying Things We Need –Metals –Minerals –Petroleum Protecting the Environment –Water cycle –Global Change: Sea level rise Understanding Our Surroundings –The Earth’s relationship to other planets –Geological Time

7. Los Angeles Basin

8. Recent Southern California Earthquakes Northridge (94)San Fernando (71)Sierra Madre (91) Whitter Narrorws (87)Long Beach (33) From: http://www.scecdc.scec.org/labasin.html

9. TIME: January 17, 1994 4:30:55 am PST LOCATION: 34° 12.80' N, 118° 32.22'W; 20 miles west-northwest of Los Angeles 1 mile south-southwest of Northridge MAGNITUDE: M W 6.7 TYPE OF FAULTING: blind thrust FAULT INVOLVED: Northridge Thrust (also known as the Pico Thrust) DEPTH: 18.4 km Northridge Earthquake Facts

10. Northridge CA earthquake Jan. 17, 1994,

11. Northridge Earthquake

12. Northridge Aftershocks

13. Original AVS animation by Ian Sammis and Damien Sullivan.

14. Northridge Rupture Model Wald, David J., Heaton, Thomas H., and Hudnut, K.W. The Slip History of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Determined From Strong-Motion, Teleseismic, GPS, and Leveling Data, Special Northridge Earthquake Issue of the Bull. of the Seismo. Soc. of America

15. Convergent Margin Magma Genesis

16. Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, June 15, 1991

18. Plymouth, Montserrat - Destroyed by pyroclastic flows in 1996/7 Photo credit: G. Mattioli

19. Automobiles - Always Thirsty for Gas!

20. Source: http://www.wtrg.com/oil_graphs/oilprice1947.gif

21. Alaska Pipeline

23. An Overview of Physical Geology—Important Concepts Internal Processes: How the Earth’s Internal Heat Engine Works The Earth’s Interior The Theory of Plate Tectonics Surficial Processes: The Earth’s External Heat Engine

24. Convection Examples

26. Rayleigh-Benard Convection

27. Earth Structure

28. Convection in the Mantle

29. convection in the mantle models observed heat flow warm: near ridges cold: over cratons from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270 from: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~vdpluijm/gs205.html

30. From: "Dynamic models of Tectonic Plates and Convection" (1994) by S. Zhong and M. Gurnis

31. Earth’s Plates

32. obvious from space that Earth has two fundamentally different physiographic features: oceans (71%) and continents (29%) global topography from: http://www.personal.umich.edu/~vdpluijm/gs205.html crust

33. Convergent Margins and Magma Genesis

34. MORB Genesis

35. Submarine Pillow Basalt Formation

36. Ocean Crust Age-Depth Relations

37. Cross-cutting relationships

38. Simplified Geologic Time Scale