1. Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses: Also Known as Dependent Clauses! Grammar Eleventh Grade American Literature Ms. Pennell

2. Adjective Clauses An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one. Adjective clauses act like adjectives. An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one. Adjective clauses act like adjectives. Usually connected to the word it modifies by one of the relative pronouns (that which, who, whom, or whose). Usually connected to the word it modifies by one of the relative pronouns (that which, who, whom, or whose). Sometimes, it is connected by a relative adverb (after, before, since, when, where, or why). Sometimes, it is connected by a relative adverb (after, before, since, when, where, or why).

3. Examples of Adjective Clauses Arctic winters, which are long and cold, are severe. Arctic winters, which are long and cold, are severe. The arctic is a region where life is difficult. The arctic is a region where life is difficult. She likes the guy who sits in front of her. She likes the guy who sits in front of her.

4. Adverb Clauses Adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals by telling where, when, in what way, to what extent, under what condition, or why. Adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals by telling where, when, in what way, to what extent, under what condition, or why. Usually begin with subordinate clauses. Usually begin with subordinate clauses. An example of an adverb clause is as follows: An example of an adverb clause is as follows: The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory. The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory.

5. Adverb Clauses Continued … The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory. The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory. Here the subordinate clause after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory is modifying or describing the verb entered. Here the subordinate clause after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory is modifying or describing the verb entered.

6. More on Adverb Clauses and how these clauses function in sentences … Modified Words Examples Verb:The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the territory. Adjective:The miner’s children were nervous whenever he entered a tunnel. Adverb:Today’s dig lasted longer than the one yesterday. Participle:The miners, cheering whenever someone made a strike, were excited. Gerund:Digging wherever miners thought there was gold has left the Yukon full of old miners. Infinitive:The tired miners wanted to relax after the workday ended. Remember that adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals (gerund, participial, and infinitive phrases) by telling where, when, in what way, to what extent, under what condition, or why.

7. Noun Clauses … A noun clause is a subordinate clause that acts as a noun. A noun clause is a subordinate clause that acts as a noun. Usually start with a relative pronoun Usually start with a relative pronoun Relative Pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose Relative Pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose Acts like a noun or an adjective Acts like a noun or an adjective

8. Functions in Sentences Examples Subject Whoever travels the Chattahoochee River follows the yellow rafts gently floating down a peaceful track. Direct Object You must pack whatever you will need. Indirect Object You should give whoever waits at the camp a copy of your route. Object of a Preposition Robert Campbell settled trading camps in whatever regions the Hudson’s Bay Company sent him. Predicate Nominative (is a noun or pronoun that appears with a linking verb and renames, identifies, or explains the subject) At 40, Campbell’s most notable achievement was that he established Fort Selkirk.