1. THE ACTION OCCURS Adverb Clauses HOW,WHEN,WHERE,WHY, AND UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS

2. Adverb Clause A subordinate clause A group of words that contains a subject and predicate that does not express a complete thought. That modifiesTells how, when, where, why or under what condition the action occurs A verbAction, state or relationship is …

3. Look and See it, Listen and Hear it Miss Marie talks about adverb clauses Miss Marie teaches English in Canada, therefore her terminology is different. Adverb clauses modify verbs only! They do not modify adjectives or adverbs. Adverb phrases modify adjectives and adverbs. The conjunction for linking the subordinate clause to the main clause is a Subordinating Conjunction, not a conjunctive adverb. A conjunctive adverb is the type of adverb.

4. What it does Tells – How Two people can enjoy a movie, if they can agree on what movie to see. How can two people enjoy a movie? if they can agree on what movie to see Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.

5. What it does Tells – How – When After we go to the store, we can have lunch. When can we have lunch? after we go to the store Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.

6. What it does Tells – How – When – Where Profanity is not acceptable where young children are playing. Where is profanity not acceptable? where young children are playing Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.

7. What it does Tells – How – When – Where – Why I am going to ask Sally to the prom because she is a pretty girl. Why am I going to ask Sally to the prom? because she is a pretty girl Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.

8. What it does Tells – How – When – Where – Why – Under what conditions If I get up late, Mom will drive me to school. Under what condition will Mom drive me to school? if I get up late Note: Answers to the adverbial questions are sentence fragments.

9. Linking the clauses Subordinate clauses are linked to the main clause by Subordinating Conjunctions. HowWhenWhereWhyUnder what conditions sinceafterwhilebecauseunless ifbeforewherealthougheven if in order thatuntilwhere, whereverso thateven though whetherwhen, wheneverthoughprovided that asoncethan as ifwhilethat This is not an exhaustive list. Some of these words can be used to answer other adverbial questions. “Than” and “that” can answer adjectival questions.

10. How to find it First find the verbs and the predicates. Second find the subjects. If the subject is preceded by a subordinate conjunction if is a subordinate clause. If the subordinate clause answers an adverbial question (how, when, where, why or under what conditions), it is an adverb clause. Because we will be building complex sentences, this class needs to understand and identify adverb clauses. “Because” tells why

11. at the end at the beginning How it works - Placement because they spend a lot of time studying. Students with good grades get into less trouble students with good grades get into less trouble. Because they spend a lot of time studying, Note: Capital letters were changed because of standard sentence capitalization rules. Comma was added after the introductory subordinate clause. Main Clause Subordinate Clause Main Clause Which order is better? End with the more important idea. This makes the reader remember it better.

12. Separation by Comma Marcel is going to ask the new girl on a date if his brother lets him have the car. If his brother lets him have the car, Marcel is going to ask the new girl on a date. How it works -Punctuation A comma is usually not used if the adverb clause is at the end of the sentence. If an adverb clause begins a sentence, a comma is used after it. A comma is usually not used if the adverb clause is at the end of the sentence. No Comma hereComma here

13. Example of Explication He read the passage as if he had done it before. Main clause: “He read the passage” Adverb clause: “as if he had done it before” tells HOW the action was done How did he read the passage? as if he had done it before Subordinate conjunction: “as if” No punctuation because the clause comes at the end of the sentence.

14. Your Turn Find the adverb clause What is the subject, predicate of each clause? Which clause is the main, subordinate clause? What is the subordinating conjunction? What adverbial question is being asked? When did Juan order the pizza? after he found out what everyone wanted on it Juan ordered pizza after he found out what everyone wanted on it.

15. Your Turn Find the adverb clause What is the subject, predicate of each clause? Which clause is the main, subordinate clause? What is the subordinating conjunction? What adverbial question is being asked? When will I give you a call? when I get there When I get there, I’ll give you a call.

16. Your Turn Find the adverb clause What is the subject, predicate of each clause? Which clause is the main, subordinate clause? What is the subordinating conjunction? What adverbial question is being asked? When and where will we cheer for Bob? as he crosses the finish line We will cheer for Bob as he crosses the finish line.

17. Your Turn Find the adverb clause What is the subject, predicate of each clause? Which clause is the main, subordinate clause? What is the subordinating conjunction? What adverbial question is being asked? Under what condition will you know how well you understand the material? if your teacher grades your assignment If your teacher grades your assignments, you will know that you understand the material. Note: “that you understand the material” is an adjective clause because it acts as the DO to “know”.

18. Your Turn Find the adverb clause What is the subject, predicate of each clause? Which clause is the main, subordinate clause? What is the subordinating conjunction? What adverbial question is being asked? Why did she (Rachel) not go to sectionals? When had Rachel broken her leg? because Rachel had broken her leg before the coach sent in the roster Because Rachel had broken her leg before the coach sent in the roster, she did not go to sectionals. Note: “before the coach sent in the roster” modifies the adverb clause “Before Rachel had broken her leg.” See Note

19. Your Turn Find the adverb clause What is the subject, predicate of each clause? Which clause is the main, subordinate clause? What is the subordinating conjunction? What adverbial question is being asked? When did Alex understand the material? When could he not remember a thing? while he was studyingafter he played video games all night Note: two complex sentences connected by the conjunction “but.” While he was studying, Alex understood the material, but he couldn’t remember a thing after he played video games all night.