1. ADVERB CLAUSES Answer questions like: When? Where? Why? Under what circumstances?

2. Dependent signals to introduce adverb clauses. because if though - although even though so that as as if until unless while

3. Even though English teachers are boring, they still need love and respect. (The adverb clause is underlined. Note that it is a group of related words with a subject and verb. The dependent signal, "even though" is part of the clause.) The world would be a better place if more people respected English teachers. (Again, the adverb clause is underlined. The dependent signal, "if," is part of the clause.) If I were you, I would listen to my English teacher because I might learn something of life altering significance. (This sentence has two adverb clauses. Note that in every instance, the dependent signal begins the clause.)

4. ADJECTIVES CLAUSES Adjective Clauses modify (or describe) nouns and pronouns.

5. Dependent signals to introduce adjective clauses. Who Whom Whose Which That

6. I love sentences which extol the virtues of English teachers. (The adjective clause is underlined. It modifies the object "sentences.") Students whom I admire want to become English teachers. (Again, the adjective clause is underlined and modifies the subject "students.") Students who are intelligent understand adjectives. (The adjective clause is underlined. It is an "adjective" clause because it describes the noun "students.")

7. NOUNS CLAUSES Noun clauses do not modify or describe anything, but they do act in several ways. Nouns can be: Subjects Direct objects Indirect objects

8. Dependent signals to introduce Noun Clauses. Who Whom Whose Which That What How Why Whoever Whatever Wherever

9. Whoever wants to go is welcome. Subject Lisa smashed whichever plate she could. direct object Mary gave whomever would listen a piece of her mind. Indirect object