1. Lesson 3

2. Review of Lesson 2

3. בּ Qamets a as in father long vowel

4. בּ Tsere e as in they long vowel

5. בּ Holem o as in role long vowel

6. בּ Patach a as in father short vowel

7. בּ Seghol e as in better short vowel

8. בּ Hireq i as in bitter short vowel

9. בּ Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle short vowel

10. בּ Qibbuts u as in ruler short vowel

11. בּ Hateph Patach a as in amuse reduced vowel

12. בּ Hateph Seghol e as in metallic reduced vowel

13. בּ Hateph Qamets o as in commit reduced vowel

14. בּ Sheva a as in maroon OR silent

15. בּוֹ Holem vav o as in role unchangeable long vowel

16. בּוּ Shureq u as in ruler unchangeable long vowel

17. Syllabification

18. Two Rules of Syllabification Every syllable must begin with one consonant and have only one vowel. There are only two types of syllables: open and closed. Open syllables end with vowel Closed syllables end with a consonant דָּ׀בָר

19. Hebrew Accents Hebrew words are usually accented (stressed) on the last syllable English generally stresses the first syllable Compare ‘David’ to דָוִד Compare ‘Hebrew’ to עִבְרִי Some Hebrew words are stressed on a different syllable and are an marked with an accent symbol סֵ ֫ ׀פֶר

20. Syllable Classification Tonic Pretonic Propretonic סֵ ֫ פֶר סְפָרִים סְ׀פָ׀רִים סֵ ֫ ׀פֶר

21. The Daghesh and Syllabification The Daghesh Lene does not affect syllabification. The Daghesh Forte, however, does affect syllabification because it doubles the value of the consonant. אַתָּה (tav is rendered twice) אַת׀תָּה Since the Taw ( תּ ) is doubled, it functions both as the final consonant of the first syllable and the first consonant of the second syllable תְּפִלָּה ➣ תְּ׀פִל׀לָה

22. Dagesh Lene or Forte? The Daghesh in a begadkephat is a Forte if preceded by a vowel ( אַתָּה, preceded by the Pathach vowel). The Daghesh in a begadkephat is a Lene if preceded by a consonant ( מַלְכָּה, preceded by ל with Silent Shewa). A begadkephat letter at the beginning of a word takes a Daghesh Lene unless the previous word ends in a vowel ( דָּבָר, with Daghesh Lene begins the word). תּ כּ דּ

24. The Shewa and Syllabification The Vocal Shewa Vocal if not immediately preceded by a short vowel Initial Shewa is always as in בְּרָכָה The 2nd of two side by side shewa’s is vocal מִשְׁפְּטֵי A Shewa under any consonant with Daghesh Forte is vocal as in הַמְּלָכִים A Shewa after an unaccented long vowel is vocal, as in כֹּתְבִים

25. The Shewa and Syllabification The Silent Shewa Silent if the previous vowel is short The first of two contiguous (side-by-side) Shewas within a word is silent A Shewa at the end of a word is silent, as in כָּתַ ֫ בְתְּ Shewa under a gutteral is always silent

26. וַיִּוָּלְדוּ and they were born Practice

28. וְאָהַבְת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיך ָ בְכָל לְבָבְך The V’ahavta ָּּ ָ

29. Vocabulary List

30. אָדָם man, mankind, Adam

31. אֶ ֫ רֶץ land, earth, ground

32. אֱלֹהִים God, gods, mighty ones

33. אָב father, ancestor

34. אֵל God, god

35. בֵּן son

36. בַּ ֫ יִת house, household

37. דָּבָר word, matter, thing

38. יוֹם man, mankind, Adam

39. יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

40. יְרוּשָׁלַ ֫ םִ Jerusalem

41. יְהוָה Yahweh, Yahveh

42. מִצְרַ ֫ יִם Egypt

43. מֹשֶׁה Moses, Mosheh

44. מֶ ֫ לֶךְ king, ruler

45. סוּס horse

46. עֶ ֫ בֶד slave, servant

47. פַּרְעֹה Pharaoh

48. שָׁנָה year

49. שֵׁם name, reputation

50. שָׁלוֹם Shalom!

51. Hebrew in the Home