1. Cattle Ranching, Land Use And Deforestation: Comparative Analysis of Brazil, Ecuador and Peru

2. Why ranching is important

3. Land clearing for pastures is a main cause of deforestation

4. Why ranching is important Land clearing for pastures is a main cause of deforestation Poor management main cause of the expansion of pastures (further deforestation)

5. Why ranching is important Land clearing for pastures is a main cause of deforestation Poor management main cause of the expansion of pastures (further deforestation) “Pecuarizacao” in Brazil

6. Why ranching is important Land clearing for pastures is a main cause of deforestation Poor management main cause of the expansion of pastures (further deforestation) “Pecuarizacao” in Brazil Not observed in Peru and Ecuador

7. Why ranching is important Land clearing for pastures is a main cause of deforestation Poor management main cause of the expansion of pastures (further deforestation) “Pecuarizacao” in Brazil Not observed in Peru and Ecuador Promise of comparative study

9. Conceptual Framework

10. Cattle

11. Yes No

12. Cattle Yes No Pasture

13. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No

14. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def.

15. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities

16. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities Decision 1

17. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities Family subsist. market Firms Decision 1

18. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities Family subsist. market Firms Decision 1 Local/Regional Context

19. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities Family subsist. market Firms Decision 1 Local/Regional Context National Context

20. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities Family subsist. market Firms Decision 1 Local/Regional Context National Context Global Context

21. Cattle Yes No PastureMgt Yes No Def. Other Activities Family subsist. market Firms Decision 1 Local/Regional Context National Context Global Context Scale

22. Marketing Chains

23. Defined

24. ProducerConsumer

25. ProducerConsumer

26. Marketing Chains Defined

27. Marketing Chains Defined Why important?

28. Marketing Chains Defined Why important? –Buyers set the price

29. Marketing Chains Defined Why important? –Buyers set the price –Buyers set the terms (quality, quantity, frequency)

30. Marketing Chains Defined Why important? –Buyers set the price –Buyers set the terms (quality, quantity, frequency) Price & terms influence 3 critical decisions

31. Marketing Chains Defined Why important? –Buyers set the price –Buyers set the terms (quality, quantity, frequency) Price & terms influence 3 critical decisions Altering the marketing chain can alter rate of deforestation

32. CostsBenefits Opportunities Constraints

33. ProducerConsumer Marketing Chain

34. ProducerConsumer Marketing Chain Local/Regional Context National Context Global Context

35. Significant Variants

36. In the relative power of different actors

37. ProducerConsumer Marketing Chain ProducerConsumer

38. ProducerConsumer Marketing Chain ProducerConsumer ProducerConsumer

39. Significant Variants In the relative power of different actors

40. Significant Variants In the relative power of different actors Presence of multiple marketing chains

41. Consumer Producer Consumer

42. Significant Variants In the relative power of different actors Presence of multiple marketing chains Networks between links in multiple chains

43. Consumer Producer Consumer

44. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador

45. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador Factors that promote:

46. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador Factors that promote: –investment in cattle (decision 1)

47. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador Factors that promote: –investment in cattle (decision 1) –pasture management (decision 2)

48. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador Factors that promote: –investment in cattle (decision 1) –pasture management (decision 2) –deforestation (decision 3)

49. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador Factors that promote: –investment in cattle (decision 1) –pasture management (decision 2) –deforestation (decision 3) Influence of marketing chains

50. Summary Comparative analysis: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador Factors that promote: –investment in cattle (decision 1) –pasture management (decision 2) –deforestation (decision 3) Influence of marketing chains Targeting public policy to mutable points