1. Plant Material Should you use rootstocks? Where to get vines? Is it clean?

2. Plant Material Clonal Material Grafting vs. Own-rooted Types of rootstocks  Why choose rootstocks? State quarantines Northwest Foundation Service Other sources of grapevines

3. Securing Plant Material Need high quality plant material Prevent disease spread Prevent pest spread Consistent high quality fruit

4. Clones What are clones?  Genetically uniform material  Sisters/brothers Benefits? Many clonal trials ongoing  May differ for the region being tested

5. Why use rootstocks?  Fruitfulness Rootstock may affect scion production E.g., early bearing in orchard trees  Vigor control Rootstocks range in vigor from low to high Choice depends upon soil type Use for dwarfing, closer spacings?

6. Why Choose Rootstocks? Resistance  Phylloxera  Root knot nematode  Fanleaf virus – engineering rootstocks for resistance Compatibility  Scion/Rootstock

7. Rootstocks can help!  Soil conditions pH differences  Mineral deficiencies in scion  Boron, Mg, P, K – MGT 101-14 is a good choice  Boron alone – 3309 C  Advanced maturity?

8. How Do I Choose? Factors in choosing the right rootstock:  Soil High/medium pH concentration  Soil depth Some areas can be shallow, others deep  Texture Sandy, silt loam in some areas  Water availability? Issue in semi-arid areas – drought tolerant

9. Grafted System Scion – upper fruiting section Rootstock – root system used to tolerate certain conditions

10. Types of Grafting in Grapes Bud Grafts T bud (Shield)  Bud from scion set into a cut ‘T’ of rootstock bark Chip Bud  Bud from scion grafted onto rootstock http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/budding/budding.html

11. Grafting in Grapes Bench grafts  Nursery Omega cuts Saw-type grafting machines Stock grafts  Vineyard Whip grafting Cleft grafting Northwest Berry & Grape Info Net

12. Washington State Quarantine State quarantine  Phylloxera  Grape viruses Including Leafroll virus  No more Rupestris Stem Pitting (RSP) Foreign quarantines  Depends upon country Mainly has to be phylloxera-free

13. NorthWest Grape Foundation Service Foundation block at WSU-Prosser Cooperation between Idaho, Oregon, and Washington Based upon program at UC-Davis, FPS We do propagate to eliminate Rhizobium vitis

14. Shoot Tip Culture

15. Process Provide foundation level plant material to nurseries They propagate ‘certified nursery planting stock’ Grower gets plant material as a rooted vine Includes both scions and rootstock material  Nurseries to do the custom grafting

16. Requesting Plant Material Website in the works Have nursery request new plant material if in foundation block Priority list exists  Grower may order from foundation block May also request for new introductions  Once a year, or pay to have it included

17. Where to Buy Clean Grapes? List of certified nurseries  http://winegrapes.wsu.edu http://winegrapes.wsu.edu Other sources?  California nurseries  Oregon nurseries  DO NOT PROPAGATE TO ELIMINATE CROWN GALL

18. Bringing in Foreign Sources Can bring in, if it conforms with Federal phytosanitary requirements How do you get phytosanitary certificates?  FYI, need one for material from Canada Check out the APHIS website:  http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq _notice/faq_phphto.html http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq _notice/faq_phphto.html May still have bacteria causing Crown Gall

19. Summary Very important to have CLEAN plant material Clones are interesting Rootstock/scion interaction needs more research  Site specific? Northwest Grape Foundation Service  Only one that cultures out crown gall Can bring in material from other states, countries, but be sure to follow rules!

20. Questions? For the latest news in viticulture… Visit WSU Viticulture Extension on the web: http://winegrapes.wsu.edu