1. Exporting to USA Phytosanitary Requirements
Lindi Benic´
Manager: Trade/ Market Access Affairs
DFPT- Research / South African Table Grape Industry (SATI)

2. Overview – Past and Present
May 2002 – USDA-APHIS, DoA, Plant Health (PH); industry meeting, focus re: pre-clearance matters
re: USA Special Export Protocols for Deciduous & Citrus
 APHIS concerns/ actions for 2002/03/ future re: high phytosanitary pest interceptions
Maintaining 3-strike principle, including 21 day running average/ 25% rejection limit /1st/ 20%/
2ndyear, & immediate implementatiof MB fumigation or cessation of program
October Pome / Table Grape Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) developed/ key pests (submitted via SAT/ SAAPPA to DPH), as part of 2002/03 USA work plan - to manage above (included production/ post-harvest pest control & monitoring, pre-filtering inspection by PPECB, prior to USDA-inspection, exporter
self-regulation audit guideline & emergency procedure/ mandatory producer meetings Oct. 02)
 Awareness A4 worksheets & posters/ key phyto. pests printed/ provided to DoA/ PPECB inspectors;
participating growers/ exporters, part of SOP’s
March USDA-APHIS, DoA, PH; industry meeting re: Critical issues/ running average principle/ 03,  Mealybug rejections/ pome fruit  related ID; survey; MB fumigation projects initiated March 04
September 2003 – USDA-APHIS accepted/ revised Table grape export protocol for 2003/04
 including pre-clearance option/ utilised by organic producers & option for fumigation on arrival/ USA,
without pre-clearance (Process initiated due to difficulty to manage running average re: key phyto. pests)
 Highlights impacts - Phytosanitary non-compliance !!!

3. USA - Table Grape Exports
Key Requirements

4. 2004/ 05 – Table Grape Export requirements
USA special export programme - focus to Maintain Access !!!!
Table grape protocol included :
Pre-clearance/ obligatory fumigation - on arrival/ US port of entry) options
& in-transit cold-steri (re: fruit fly - 14 day)
Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for key pests (part work plan)
(Pear Leaf roller; Weevil; Fruit fly Mealybug)
DOA Registration / Pre-clearance option – Organic Table grapes
Pre-clearance - 21 day running average not exceeding 20 % rejection !!!
(organic table grape exports)
Non-pre-clearance obligatory fumigation option
(self-imposed pre-inspection procedure)
DOA, PH highlighted APHIS concerns re: phytosanitary pest interceptions over past seasons
List 6 most common quarantine pest interceptions provided to DOA during bilateral
discussions with APHIS Sept.04 - APHIS requirement for GAP’s for key phytosanitary pests

5. [received during bilateral discussions with APHIS, 28/09/2004]
Most common quarantine pests intercepted on Table Grapes in SA (October 2000 – September 2003)
[received during bilateral discussions with APHIS, 28/09/2004]
Common name
Scientific name
No. of interceptions
Banded fruit weevil
(Vine snout beetle)
Phlyctinus callosus 32
Pear leaf roller
(Not Apple leaf roller)
Epichoristodes acerbella
(Not Tortrix capensana) 20
Dusty surface beetle
Gonocephalum simplex 11
Stink bug
Carbula litigatrix
Grain cinch bug
(Grain stink bug)
Macchiademus diplopterus 7
Cotton stainer
Dysdercus fasciatus 6

6. [USA 2005 - 10 Jan.05 – 24 Feb.05 interception data]
Additional quarantine pests intercepted on Organic Table Grapes in SA in 2005
[USA Jan.05 – 24 Feb.05 interception data]
Common name
Scientific name
No. of interceptions
Coleoptera spp. 2
Mediterranean fruit fly
Ceratitis capitata
False codling moth
Cryptophlebia leucotreta
(Thaumatotibia leucotreta) 1

7. Related implications…!!!
May USDA-APHIS, DOA, DPH, industry meeting
~ Focus FCM risk management / citrus, included FCM risk management / table grapes
~ Particularly re: 2004/ 05 pre-cleared organic grape interceptions, including FCM / related need for
system/ GAP requirements, suspension of organic programme/ extended cold- steri for FCM
Changes to 2005/ 06 SA grape export program - USDA-APHIS letter Sept. 05
 Due to 4 FCM interceptions since 2001 / high interceptions other pests in 04/ 05 pre-clearance program
 APHIS now considers grapes host of FCM - adoption 22 day cold treatment for FCM & fruit fly !!!
 Applicable to pre-cleared organic & fumigated grapes !!!!
~ Organic grape pre-clearance 21 day running average period reduced to 14 days due to unacceptable
insect interceptions during 04/ 05, rejections reached % exceeding 20 % - program suspension !!!
 APHIS required SA organic grape producers initiate system/ GAP’s to control key pests intercepted,
re: SA organic grape imports being reinstated
~ Sampling in duplicate
 Highlights critical need to ensure Phytosanitary compliance to avoid related impacts - other special programs eg. China Table Grape Protocol – 22 day !!!

8. 2005/ 06/ 07 - Export requirements…
USA special export programme  focus to Maintain Access (non-organic
SA grape exports to USA ) re: organic programme is reinstated !!!!
Table grape protocol :
Pre-clearance/ obligatory fumigation option (on arrival in US port of entry)
& in-transit cold-steri  extended 22 day cold treatment for FCM & fruit fly,
applicable to pre-cleared organic & fumigated grapes
 DOA Registration required – Organic Grapes (audit by DOA as part of system)
Pre-clearance - 14 day running average - organic table grape exports
USDA-APHIS require GAP protocols for key phyto pests/ FCM concern !!!
Required system/GAP’s - organic grape exports to be reinstated !!!
Includes Packhouse requirements to manage certain key pests
Two Biometric samples for inspection – organic grapes
(i) DoA (ii) DoA/ USDA

9. 2007 - Export requirements…
Alternate to 22 day non-pre-clearance option requirement submitted to
USDA-APHIS by DoA, PH on behalf of Table Grape Industry  Early 2007
(Written request)
 DOA Registration & Inspection by DoA
Consignment sampled / inspected by DoA, APIS
 Phytosanitary certificate issued  FCM-free
Cold-steri - Medfly – 14 day
Port of Entry Obligatory Fumigation (existing requirements)
USDA-APHIS – response awaited ex. APHIS
~ DoA (MHolthauzen) confirmed
~ USDA-APHIS letter received by Dr Visser, DoA, PH
~ Requesting info. re: distribution of FCM in North

10. USA – Pome Fruit Exports
Key Requirements

11. 2004 - 07 – Pome Export requirements
USA special export programme - focus to Maintain Access !!!!
Pome Fruit protocol includes :
Pre-clearance & in-transit cold-steri (re: fruit fly - 14 day)
Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for key pests (part work plan)
(Banded fruit weevil/ apples; Grain Cinch Bug/ pears;Cotton Stainers/ pome;Mealybugs/ pome)
DOA Registration
Pre-clearance - 21 day running average not exceeding 20 % rejection !!!
(Pears – 2007/ running average - 0%/ 100% pass rate; Apples no exports re: fruit size)

12. GAP Management /Application
Phytosanitary Pests

14. Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata

15. USA – ORGANIC TABLE GRAPES
Key phytosanitary pests requiring GAP’s on Table Grapes in SA
(refer GAP documents for further details)
Common name
Scientific name
Banded fruit weevil
Phlyctinus callosus
Pear leaf roller
(Not Apple leaf roller)
Epichoristodes acerbella
(Not Tortrix capensana)
Grapevine mealybug
Planococcus ficus
Fruit flies
(Mediterranean fruit fly & Natal fruit fly)
Ceratitis capitata & Ceratitis rosa
False codling moth
Cryptophlebia leucotreta
(Thaumatotibia leucotreta)
Contaminants
(Grain cinch bug, Cotton stainer, Dusty surface beetle, Stink bug/ other)
Macchiademus diplopterus, Dysdercus fasciatus, Gonocephalum simplex, Carbula litigatrix/ other

16. CHINA – TABLE GRAPE PROTOCOL
Quarantine pests of concern to China requiring GAP’s
(Annex 1: refer relevant GAP documents for details)
Scientific name
Common name
1. Ceratatis capitata
Mediterranean Fruit Fly
2. Ceratitis rosa
Natal fruit fly
3. Frankliniella occidentalis
Western flower thrips
4. Planococcus ficus
Grapevine mealybug
5. Eutypa lata
Eutypa die-back
6. Aleurocanthus woglumi
Citrus blackfly
7. Hemiberlesia rapax
Greedy scale
8. Grapevine Virus A
9. Raglius apicalis
* Cryptophlebia leucotreta
False codling moth (FCM) !!!

17. USA Countries Access status Phytosanitary requirements Sanitary USA
Maintain access
Table grapes (TG)
Pome (apple; pear)
Stone (peach/ nect.; plum)
Key Phyto. Pests: Medfly;
FCM !!!
Yes
(PRA/ Protocol)
Re: Organic Table grapes APHIS - required GAP’s Key Phyto. Pests / FCM concerns !!
Pome – SOP’s for Key Phytosanitary Pests
(Bioterrorism/
MRL/
Food Safety)
NB. Related MRL Compliance – all export markets !!!!

18. * GAP’s required for 9 Key pests ….FCM !!!!
CHINA
Countries
Access status
Phytosanitary
requirements
Sanitary
China
Maintain access
Table grapes
Yes
(PRA/ Protocol)
* GAP’s required for 9 Key pests ….FCM !!!! No

19. * GAP/ Plantex Application/ other- Phyllictinus callosus
Israel
Countries
Access status
Phytosanitary
requirements
Sanitary
Israel
(Orange/ Hex)
Maintain Access
Yes
(PRA/ Protocol)
* GAP/ Plantex Application/ other- Phyllictinus callosus No

20. General Principles for Pest Management of Key Phytosanitary Pests
Apply relevant GAP’s / SOP’s/ other – manage pest thresholds
~ Effective Pest Monitoring (Trapping/ Physical / other)
~ Effective pest managenent - in orchard/ vineyard
~ Effective pest managemet - Packhouse/ during transporation – NB. Hitchhikers/ contaminants
~ Effective sanitation – orchard/ vineyard/ packhouse / other
~ Cultural control – when applicable
~ Apply sound IPM principles where possible
 ENSURE MRL Compliance - Methomyl use !!!  Table grapes/ pears - EU Rapid Alert Notification
Maintain Records
~ Monitoring / trapping records/ counts
~ Scouting records when threshold levels reached
~ Dates lures/ traps changed
~ Treatments applied – chemical/ other
~ Other
Ensure Traceability

21. Phytosanitary Research Priorities
Current Priorities
~ Effect of Methyl bromide fumigation on quality - table grapes; pome
~ Effect of irradiation on quality - table grapes; pome
~ Testing diff. phyto. pests utilising diff. treatments - table grapes; pome
~ Control of pear leaf roller on table grapes
~ Monitoring FCM in table grape regions
~ Survey of chinch bugs in Western Cape orchards (pome)
~ Pest-risk analysis of fruit fly introductions (Bactocera invadens; B. spp.)
& assessment of current fruit fly management practices

22. THANK YOU DANKIE