1. Fertility of Vinifera Grapes in NC SERA 2008 Meeting Fertility of Vinifera Grapes in NC SERA 2008 Meeting David H. Hardy and John Havlin NCDA&CS and NC State

2. NC Wine Industry is Growing 1985- 4 wineries 1986- NC Grape Council created 1999-15 wineries 2002- 25 wineries Today- over 70 wineries

3. NCDA Grape Recommendations Soil testing –Muscadine grapes Plant tissue –Vinifera grapes at full bloom Where did they come from???

4. P Grape Recommendation

5. K Grape Recommendation

6. Present Liming & Fertilization

7. Objectives 1.Evaluate nutrient status in common red and white vinifera varieties 2.Establish critical nutrient concentration ranges in both leaf and petiole samples 3.Correlate plant nutrient status with soil test information

8. Effect of topography Leaf-cluster position Mature leaf at veraison Effect of topography Leaf-cluster position Mature leaf at veraison Additional Considerations

9. 1 Black Wolf 12 Round Peak 13 Shelton 16 Surry CC 1 Black Wolf 12 Round Peak 13 Shelton 16 Surry CC 3Creek Side 6Grove 8Iron Gate 3Creek Side 6Grove 8Iron Gate 2 Buck Shoals 2 Buck Shoals 8 Laurel Gray 8 Laurel Gray 9 Raffaldini 9 Raffaldini 14 South Creek 15 South Mountain 4 Flint Hill 4 Flint Hill 7 Hanover Park 7 Hanover Park 10 RagApple 11 RayLen

10. Cabernet Sauvignon 15 Chardonnay 14 Merlot 11 Cabernet Franc 11 Syrah 10 Viognier 7 Chamborcin 6 Sangiovese 5 Sauvignon Blanc 3 Chardonell 2 Chancellor 1

11. 6 cores per variety 4 – 8” 0 – 4” 8 – 24” Sampling away from fertilizer or lime application Cecil fine sandy loam Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandhapludults

12. 2006 2007 Upper 4 inch depth Little variability

13. 2006 2007 Upper 4 inch depth Little variability Good lime practices

14. NC Vineyard Soils

15. 2006 2007 Mehlich STP ppm

16. 2006 2007 Mehlich 3 K ppm

18. FB and veraison- all sites 4 intensive sites- every 2 wk

19. Laurel Grey- 2007- select varieties Petiole N Concentration Petiole N- % @ FB 0 – 0.39 D 0.4 – 0.79 L 0.8 – 1.0 S 1.01 – 1.25 H 1.26 – 1.5 E FB

20. Laurel Grey- 2007- select varieties Petiole P Concentration Petiole P- % @ FB 0 – 0.09 D 0.1 – 0.14 L 0.15 – 0.6 S 0.61 – 1.0 H 1.01 – 2.0 E FB

21. Laurel Grey- 2007- select varieties Petiole K Concentration Petiole K- % @ FB 0 – 0.99 D 1.0 – 1.49 L 1.5 – 3.5 S 3.51 – 4.5 H 4.51 – 5.5 E FB

22. Selected Tissue Levels Petiole P 0 - 0.100.11 - 0.200.21 - 0.300.31 - 0.40> 0.40 # Sample Sites 2006 317151440 2007213181140 % Sample Sites 2006 3.419.116.915.744.9 20072.415.521.413.147.6 Petiole K0 - 1.01.1-1.501.6-2.02.1-2.5> 2.50 # Sample Sites 2006 0631268 2007129 1635 % Sample Sites 2006 0.06.73.413.576.4 200714.310.714.319.041.7 P = 0.15 – 0.6 Sufficient K= 1.5 – 3.5 Sufficient

24. Nutrient Content Relative to Cluster Position

25. Topographic Effects on Nutrient Content

26. 2008 1.Maintain primary objectives – *** increase # mountain sites 2.Quantify sampling error 3.Draft diagnostic nutrient ranges (???) 4. Assess nutrient response 1.Maintain primary objectives – *** increase # mountain sites 2.Quantify sampling error 3.Draft diagnostic nutrient ranges (???) 4. Assess nutrient response